Stetson hats were created in the 1860s, they have a large brim which turns up slightly and is large in height. Created in felt, they protected wearers from the weather
… read more
Akubra is a hat worn traditionally for outdoors in Austrailia. The hat has a wide brim and is medium in height, being pinched at the top of the front. It
… read more
A Fascinator is an accessory for women, it can be designed as a large clip or headband that is heavily embellished with feathers and beads. A fascinator is an alternative
… read more
Feathers have been worn as part of a headdress for several centuries but are mostly known for being worn in the 1920s on headbands which were worn across the forehead.
… read more
The Bowler hat was created in 1849 in London by the company Lock and Co. through a customer’s request. A bowler hat is made in a hard felt and is
… read more
The Bucket hat is traditionally Irish and was originally worn by fishermen and farmers for protection from the weather. The hat has little structure and is rounded, it’s brim facing
… read more
A Cloche hat (Cloche meaning bell in French) is normally made of felt and is shaped like a bell designed to sit low on the forehead. Worn by women it
… read more
The Fedora hat is a medium sized hat with a normal crown height (4.5 inches) an a medium sized brim. The hat usually features a ribbon tied around it and
… read more
A flat cap is a hat that covers the top of the head, with a front visor attached to a unstructured section of fabric. The flat cap is seen to
… read more
A turban is created when cloth is twisted and wound around the head, keeping the hair covered and in place. Turbans can be worn by both men and women, dating
… read more
A trilby hat is similar to a fedora hat but has a narrower brim which angles downwards at the front, turning up at the back. Often worn at horse races,
… read more
A Top hat, it a tall hat that has a brim of a few centimeters deep. A top hat may also be called a high hat, silk hat or a
… read more
A Coonskin cap or fur and tail of racoon as it may be referred too, is a hat normally worn by Native American men. The hat itself is made of
… read more
A Beret is a flat round hat made that has a soft structure which sits on the wearer in a slanted manner. It is normally made in fabrics that are
… read more
A wristlet is an item often worn by women that is a bag in the length and shape very similar to a purse. The wristlet has a zip which is
… read more
A wallet is an item that is used to carry money, credit cards and forms of identity in. Wallets are usually made of leather and are small enough to be
… read more
A tote bag is a medium bag which has two handles to carry on the shoulder. A tote bag is normally square or trapeze shaped, being made from many fabrics
… read more
A suit carrier is similar to a garment bag but has a short handle and sometimes an adjustable long strap attached. A suit carrier allows suits to be carried and
… read more
A slouch bag has one wide strap added to make it wearable on the shoulder or to be hand held. The name slouch bag is given as the bag is
… read more
A sling bag is a medium bag that is unstructured and worn across the body with a wide strap. The bag is normally made from cotton or cloth and may
… read more
A shopper is a bag that is worn over the shoulder in the form of a vertical rectangular shape. It is often made of canvas or cloth but may be
… read more
A satchel is a rectangular bag which has one long strap that is worn on the shoulder or across the body. A satchel is usually used to carry books in
… read more
A saddle purse is a small bag that has a long strap attached to be worn on the shoulder and is designed to look similar to bags worn on either
… read more
A postman bag is similar to a messenger bag; it is a large rectangular shaped bag with a long strap which is worn across the body including zip or Velcro
… read more
Messenger bags are large, often rectangle shaped bags that are held with one adjustable strap over the shoulder and sit across the chest. They have a large opening allowing easier
… read more
A medicine bag would normally be used in tribes in order to receive help from natural spirits. It would have been carried around the neck with a long strap and
… read more
A lady bag is an accessory which was often used by women in the 1950s. The bag is medium sized with rounded edges in the form of a rectangle. It
… read more
A holdall is a bag that is donned the name holdall for being able to hold a lot of items due to its construction. It is shaped very much like
… read more
A hobo bag is a crescent shaped bag with one long strap, designed to wear over the shoulder. The bag can be seen in many sizes and normally holds a
… read more
A gym bag can come in many different forms but is usually designed in a medium or large cylindrical leather bag with two small handles and a zip fastening. A
… read more
A Gladstone bag, named after William Ewart Galdstone, was created by J G Beard in the late 19th Century. It is a bag that was originally designed as a portmanteau
… read more
A duffel bag is a large upright cylindrical bag that includes one strap to wear over the shoulder and drawstring closure. The bag is named after a town in Belgium
… read more
Drawstring bags focus on the fastening of the bag being closed through pulling the string at the edge of the top of the bag. They often form a rounded structure
… read more
A doctors bag is a medium sized, trapeze shaped bag. It has an opening at the top with two handles to making it available to carry on the forearm. It
… read more
Clutch bags are women’s bags that are usually handless and held in one hand. They have a variety of fastenings, sizes, colours, fabric compositions and designs. They are normally used
… read more
A city bag is an accessory worn on the forearm normally styled with on trend, city fashion. This bag is usually made of leather created with many design features. They
… read more
A canvas bag has the fabric composition of canvas and is usually worn over the shoulder, normally featuring a printed design on the front. These bags have no fastenings and
… read more
A bowler bag is a medium sized bag which is accompanied by two handles that are long enough to slip over the forearm up until the elbow. Bowler bags often
… read more
A briefcase is a rectangle shaped, hinged, box like object with a handle used originally to carry paperwork. It was experimented with in the 1820s, being created in 1850s and
… read more
A bucket bag is a bag that is shaped based on a bucket. It may be used to carry small or large handbag items for day wear and during the
… read more
A bowling bag is associated with the sport bowling, the bag is quite large with normally two short handles and a long strap. It is a cylinder shape, similar to
… read more
A barrel bag is a larger bag shaped in the form of a barrel that fastens using pull strings at the top. The barrel bag often has one thick shoulder-length
… read more
A baguette bag is a small and narrow bag with a single handle that is formed in a shape that resembles a French baguette. A bag designed for women, the
… read more
Backpacks are bags which are worn on a person’s back, being held on with straps either one or two depending on the design. It is hard to tell when the
… read more
Gloves are an item of which are worn over the hands to protect them from harm, weather or as an accessory to an outfit. They can be seen in many
… read more
A scarf is an accessory made of a soft fabric (knitted or woven) which is usually worn around the neck. It can vary in length and fabric depending on the
… read more
Men’s garters and sock suspenders are items which hold the sock up on the leg and keep it in place. The garter or suspender is a small belt that is
… read more
Braces are straps worn over shirts which sit on the shoulders fastening to the trousers with a clip or button in order to hold them up. The braces can vary
… read more
A handkerchief is a small amount of cotton, silk or linen fabric designed usually in a square or rectangle. A handkerchief is used as an object for cleanliness, normally situated
… read more
A necktie is an item that can sometimes differ in length and that is worn around the neck, resting under the shirt collar and knotted at the throat. Originally neckties
… read more
A waistband is something that is featured at the top of a garment such as skirts or trousers. The waistband helps to hold the garment in place and allows for
… read more
The Victorian era refers to the period of time in which Victoria I was Britain’s Queen (1837-1901). This period is often associated with radical change, both politically and socially. In
… read more
The Tudor period refers to a period of British history dated between 1485 and 1603. The period was highly influential, beginning with the ending of the War of Roses. In
… read more
Prada SS12 The Thai fashion industry is small but ever-expanding – Thai Fashion Week often attracts young designers showcasing extravagant garments usually fabricated from sustainable materials. Traditional Thai clothing
… read more
Lanvin AW11/12 Spanish Empire refers to a period of history in which Spain held power and controlled a number of territories between the 15th and 19th century. During this
… read more
This Dutch group of artists were named after a Dutch magazine of aesthetics and art theory founded by Theo van Doesburg in 1917. Doesburg experimented with many different types of
… read more
Happenings were essentially performance of art, which involved sensations of touch, sounds, time-durations, gestures and even smells. The audience are not given a plot or characters in Happenings which differentiates
… read more
Assemblage as an art form is related to Collage and Cubism in that they all assemble objects in a three-dimensional manner in order for new perspectives to be shown. Any
… read more
The 1970’s saw the rise of Arte Povera in Europe. The Arte Povera artists were focused on using what they thought were ‘poor’ materials, leading to pieces which were quite
… read more
Fluxus is an avant-garde art movement which was popular in the 1960s; it is unique from other movements of the time as it was inspired by music from the 1950’s
… read more
Caricatures have been a style of art for centuries and are still popularly used in modern newspapers, cartoons and by artists at events. It is a popular style of art
… read more
After World War II many artists were frustrated by the restrictions of the war and wanted to paint freely and expressively. Many art movements came after the war for this
… read more
Ecole de Paris – The School of Paris is not an art movement or style but instead marks the significance of Paris as the centre of modern art. Many artists
… read more
The Bauhaus was a school of art, founded by Walter Gropius in 1919 in Germany. The first half of the twentieth century saw Germany as the centre for war and
… read more
Appropriation is a popular modern art style which is formed around borrowing and re-working objects from every-day objects and pieces of art to create a new meaning from the original
… read more
Dada was an artistic expression which aimed to shock and reject society, as the group believed that it was the cultural rules such as the bourgeoisies which caused the war.
… read more
German Romanticism, which developed later than the English Romantic period, includes the harmonious attention to detail and flowing lines, however adds a sense of humour and wit to the paintings.
… read more
Fashion during the expressionism Vivienne Westwood AW12/13 Expressionism was a powerful and broad range of art which focused on the expression of emotion and feeling. Officially beginning at the
… read more
Ethnographic Art or Tribal Art as is it sometimes known is one of the great influences of modernist art eras. Pablo Picasso was influenced by the art work of these
… read more
Mesoamerica refers to an area of South America where many of the pre-Colombian civilisations flourished. Mesoamerican art and architecture was extremely famous for its use of pattern, colour and abstraction.
… read more
One of the most frequently replicated items of Korean clothing is the hanbok, a semi-formal outfit comprised of a short blouse or jacket and an exaggerated full skirt. It can
… read more
Jean Paul Gaultier SS12 Fashion in Islam is heavily influenced by the Muslim religion. The traditional garment for Muslim women is the abaya, a floor-length cloak designed to completely cover
… read more
The Graeco-Roman era refers to a period of history in which Greek and Roman culture was fused and collectively influenced the art and architecture of many geographical regions. The fashion
… read more
Fashion during the Elizabethan Period Giambattista Valli AW12/13 The Elizabethan era refers to the period of history under the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). During this period of time
… read more
Unique SS12 Egypt has always had a huge influence on the fashion industry due to its rich culture and inimitable style. Ancient Egyptian style is still replicated by designers today,
… read more
Christian Dior SS12 Vivienne Westwood SS12 The Edwardian era refers to a brief period of history under the reign of King Edward I (1901 – 1910). In terms of fashion,
… read more
Vivienne Westwood SS12 Classicism refers to the period of history in 1600-1800. In terms of fashion, the term refers to an aesthetic of fashion derived from Ancient Greek and Roman
… read more
Alexander McQueen – SS12 Mary Katrantzou – SS12
… read more
Missoni – SS11 Missoni – SS12 Many designers cite Morocco as an
… read more
Calico pattern is a floral pattern. It is generally an all over pattern and it is made up of small scale flowers. These flowers can be many different colours and
… read more
Camouflage patterns are patterns which are designed to conceal an object, usually the wearer. The colours and patterns used vary depending on the environment in which the wearer needs to
… read more
Celtic knot pattern is a pattern which is made up of a continuous line or ribbon. This create intricate delicate curved patterns. Usually, the lines and the background are contrasting
… read more
Check patterns are patterns which are made up of squares. These can range in scale, colour and repeat, for example Pincheck is a very small repeating checked pattern, whereas Tartan
… read more
Checks Plaids and Tartans are all based on the same basic principle of pattern making but can differ dramatically. They are usually colour woven and are made up of many
… read more
Chequer patterns are made up of lots of squares, like a grid. These squares use alternating colours, patterns or textures to create a contrast between them. A lot of the
… read more
Chevron patterns are patterns which are made up of horizontal zig-zag lines. Originally, this was achieved by weaving, using two contrasting colours. The Chevron weave is similar to twill weave
… read more
Chevron or Herringbone pattern was originally a colour woven pattern. It is similar to the twill weave pattern, except that it is reversed at certain intervals to create points in
… read more
Chinoiserie patterns literally mean ‘Chinese-esque.’ They are patterns which are Western interpretations of Oriental designs. These can range from anything from replications of Willow patterns to the delicate patterns used
… read more
Chintz patterns are usually made up of floral or other organic motifs. These motifs are repeated, using many different colours and then printed onto Calico which is glazed. Chintz patterns
… read more
A pattern which uses composite overlay is generally a pattern which has two or more designs placed on top of each other. An example of this is the patterned ground
… read more
CAD patterns are basically any patterns that have been created using Computer Aided Design. These patterns can use any motifs, designs and themes. This method of production also means that
… read more
Contemporary patterns are patterns that are made of very simplified designs. These are usually highly stylised and use a small range of colours. Contemporary patterns look very modern and these
… read more
Contract patterns take their name from their end use rather than what they look like. They are so called Contract patterns as they are created to be used in non-residential
… read more
A conversational pattern is a pattern made up of recognisable objects or motifs. These motifs are usually designed so that they are realistic and therefore more recognisable. Many different objects
… read more
Coordinate patterns are two or more patterns which are intended to be used together to create a new pattern. These patterns are related to each other, either in terms of
… read more
Counterchange patterns are patterns whereby the motif and the background reverse in colour occasionally. This is usually done to create a contrast or sense of relief in the pattern. Generally
… read more
A Croquis pattern is a pattern that is made up of a sketch, illustration or a piece of art repeated. These patterns are generally very realistic and can be created
… read more
Diaper patterns are very small scale patterns. They are made up of interlocking geometric shapes which are then repeated to form a pattern. These geometric shapes can vary hugely and
… read more
District Check is a check pattern similar to tartan. It is made up of different check patterns such as dog’s tooth in contrast with other parts of the fabric which
… read more
Ditsy prints are patterns which are made up of tiny repeated motifs. These motifs may be funny, simple or eccentric. This pattern is an all over pattern and the most
… read more
Documentary designs are designs made by reproducing original material. This material is usually historical and can be anything from an art movement to a period of history. The documents are
… read more
Dog’s tooth pattern is a pattern that is made up of jagged or broken checks. These are generated using four pointed star shapes and repeating them to create this pattern.
… read more
Dotted Swiss patterns are dotted patterns that are usually printed onto a lightweight, sheer fabric. These fabrics originate from Switzerland in 1750. Although the general properties of Dotted Swiss are
… read more
Dry Brush pattern is a pattern that is made to look as though it has been painted using a brush with negligible or no paint on at all. The effects
… read more
This type of pattern is similar to the Op-Art pattern in terms of the way that it uses optical illusions to create interesting designs. Distortion is a common effect used
… read more
Engineered designs are patterns that have been specifically designed to fit into a shape. The most common of these are border prints, but others are made to fit into specific
… read more
Ethnic patterns are patterns, designs or motifs based on a certain nationality. These patterns differ from place to place but are generally based on the folk art of that country.
… read more
An everlasting knot pattern is a pattern that is made up of lines that seamlessly lead into one another and form delicate, intricate knot patterns. These designs can also be
… read more
Fall-on patterns are patterns in which two different colours overlap to produce a third colour. This method happens frequently in striped and checked fabrics, with probably the most common usage
… read more
A field pattern is any part of the pattern that is not the border, for example the main part of the pattern. Field patterns can be made up of many
… read more
A fleur-de-lis motif is a three or four leaf lily motif and it originates from the Middle Ages. This motif is repeated to form a Fleur-de-lis pattern and can be
… read more
Floral patterns are patterns which are made from flowers and other natural elements. These patterns can range a lot in terms of design. The motifs can be very realistic, or
… read more
Foreground fabrics are fabrics where the most dramatic part of the design appears to be further forward than the rest of the pattern. There is usually a large contrast between
… read more
Foulard pattern is made by repeating small motifs across the entire piece of fabric. This pattern can be made using various different motifs and was typically printed onto silk fabric.
… read more
Four-Way layout patterns are patterns which are made using a motif or design. This design or motif is repeated so that it faces four different ways, this is typically up,
… read more
Fret Pattern is also known as Greek Key pattern. It is a geometric pattern made up of straight lines which create flowing patterns made up of lots of different right
… read more
Fretwork patterns are generally used in Architecture and iron work. It is an openwork, ornamental pattern. These patterns are made up of flowing lines with large negative spaces in between.
… read more
A geometric pattern is a motif, pattern or design that is made using non-representational geometric shapes. These shapes can range greatly from squares, to circles to others such as Polygons.
… read more
A geometric design is a design or motif that is made up entirely of geometric shapes. These can be made using various Geometric shapes and colours and lines. Geometric designs
… read more
Gingham fabric is a colour woven fabric with the Gingham check pattern repeated throughout. This pattern is made up of overlapping coloured stripes that are the same colour and the
… read more
Gingham check is a pattern which is made from overlapping coloured stripes of the same colour and the same width to create a uniform, block check pattern. Generally, in Gingham
… read more
Glen Check patterns are a form of district check patterns. This pattern is typically made up of many different patterns, such as Hound’s Tooth or Broken check in contrast with
… read more
Graph Check pattern is a pattern that resembles that of graph paper. It is made up of thin intersecting lines which create tiny squares in the pattern. Usually, the colours
… read more
Graphic patterns are any patterns that have been designed using Graphics for the purpose of being printed onto something. They differ so greatly from one another that it is difficult
… read more
Greek Key pattern is a pattern that is made up of straight lines meeting at right angles. These patterns are geometric and interlocking and are usually made up of one
… read more
A Guilloche pattern is a pattern that is made up of a repeat of interlaced, curved bands. These bands often meet and form circles in the patterns. These patterns were
… read more
A hairline stripe is a very thin stripe. It is usually made by using either a different colour warp of weft thread, depending on the direction of the stripe. These
… read more
Hairline stripes are the thinnest kind of stripes available. The stripes are usually the diameter of a human hair, hence the name and these stripes can be in any direction
… read more
Halfdrop patterns are patterns whereby the design or motif is repeated vertically. Each row after this is repeated half of the length of the motif below it. The end result
… read more
Hand Patterns basically mean any patterns that look as though they have been drawn by hand. Tight hand patterns are a form of this, meaning that the pattern is tight
… read more
Herati pattern is a highly stylised pattern which is centered around a motif of a diamond surrounded by the serrated ‘Acanthus’ leaf. This design was often used and repeated across
… read more
Holes in patterns are basically the spaces in between the motifs of the pattern. These can differ greatly, depending on the pattern. Some patterns such as Millefleurs patterns and all-over
… read more
Houndstooth pattern resembles small, broken or jagged checks. These checks are made up of four pointed stars which interlock with each other. This pattern is also known as Dog’s tooth
… read more
Interlocking Pattern is a pattern which is similar in appearance to tessellation. These patterns are made of geometric shapes that fit next to each other with none of the background
… read more
An irregular pattern is a pattern that isn’t defined by any symmetry, shape, formal arrangement or continuity. This pattern is often similar to a Half-drop or brick layout patterns, except
… read more
Kerchiefs are square or rectangular pieces of fabric; these are usually folded and used as bandanas. Kerchiefs are generally highly decorated and brightly coloured. These patterns are usually made up
… read more
Lanes Net patterns are made up of lots and lots of diamond shapes. These are repeated and rotated by either 90⁰or 45⁰ and are filled in with thin lines running
… read more
Latticework patterns are patterns which are made up of interlacing, crisscrossing lines. These lines are made to resemble a trellis and can be repeated in different ways, using different colours
… read more
Liberty patterns are patterns which are actually developed by the company Liberty and Co. of London. These patterns are very inspired by the Art Nouveau period and are usually made
… read more
Liberty style patterns are usually inspired by Art nouveau or the Liberty & Co. of London art prints. They are generally all over patterns comprising of flowers or other natural,
… read more
Line up patterns are patterns whereby lines are formed in the pattern. These lines are unintentional and are made by the motif, design or shapes repeating either horizontally, vertically or
… read more
Madras patterns are brightly coloured, checked or striped patterns. The horizontal and vertical stripes or checks are generally uneven and can be made in various colours. Madras patterns are colour
… read more
Medallion pattern is a pattern which is made up using circular motifs. These motifs can range in design, they can be different scales, they can be basic or intricate and
… read more
Millefleurs pattern is a pattern which is covered in realistically drawn flowers. These flowers are often depicted from nature and are coloured in various colours. The word ‘Millefleurs’ is French
… read more
Moiré pattern is a pattern which is made of ripples and wavy lines. It is made to resemble moiré fabric, but this pattern is printed on rather than being a
… read more
Mongrel pattern is a checked or plaid pattern in which the warp and weft stripes are different. They can be different in terms of scale, colour, width and number of
… read more
A motif pattern is a pattern made up of one or many distinctive or recurring elements. These can be forms, shapes or figures which can be repeated throughout the fabric
… read more
Negative space patterns are patterns which use the space in between the motifs or designs as a feature in the pattern. These are very often created using only black and
… read more
Non-Objective patterns are patterns which use motifs and designs that aren’t recognisable as being and objects, figures or scenes. These are most commonly made up of abstract shapes and are
… read more
Ogee pattern is made of a symmetrical motif similar in shape to an onion. It is made up of an ‘S’ shape curve which is reflected to make shape. It
… read more
The term Ombre comes from the French language meaning ‘To Shade.’ This means that Ombre pattern usually gives the appearance of dip-dying and usually goes from a darker shade of
… read more
One directional pattern is a pattern whereby all the motifs or designs face in the same direction. Many different motifs and colours can be used and the can be repeated
… read more
One way Layout pattern is a pattern where all the motifs or designs are all orientated in the same way, meaning that the all face the same direction. These patterns
… read more
Optical Art is the visual art of making optical illusions. These are done in many ways to give the impression of movement, hidden images or patterns or warping. The most
… read more
Organic patterns are basically the opposite of geometric patterns. They utilise curved, flowing lines, leaves and flowers to create a less linear and structured pattern. It is still repeated and
… read more
Overall patterns are patterns that are repeated throughout the entire piece of fabric. There are many types of overall pattern. These include non-directional, one-directional, packed, tossed and set patterns. The
… read more
Packed patterns are patterns where the individual motifs are packed so closely together that the background cannot be seen through. The motifs can range from anything from geometric to floral
… read more
Paisley pattern is an intricate pattern made up of curved feather like shapes. These shapes are often very decorative and are available in many colours, the background and the motif
… read more
Patchwork fabric was originally fabric that was made of evenly sized squares of lots of different fabrics. These fabrics used remnants of other fabrics, thereby minimising waste. Today fabrics can
… read more
Patterned ground fabrics are fabrics that are printed all over. These prints are generally the background of the fabric which has bolder motifs or designs over the top. The ground
… read more
Pencil Stripes are stripes of varying widths. They are usually thicker than pinstripes but narrower than Bengal stripes. The colours used are generally one light colour and one dark colour
… read more
Pheasants Eye pattern is actually woven into the fabric. It is made using two different contrasting colour yarns usually and forms diamond shapes in the fabric at regular intervals, resembling
… read more
Picotage is an old-fashioned type of pattern. It is created using a stipple method in textile printing whereby brass pins driven into wooden blocks are used to create highlighted and
… read more
Dot patterns are patterns that are made of an array of filled circles. These are usually repeated slightly offset to create a more random pattern. They are available in many
… read more
Pincheck pattern is very similar to Pinstripe except that the stripes run both horizontally and vertically throughout the fabric to create a checked pattern. The stripes are really thin and
… read more
Pinstriped fabric is a fabric that is woven to have tiny stripes running throughout it. These are usually vertically down the fabric, and are as thin as a pin, hence
… read more
Plaid fabric is another word for tartan fabric. It is a colour woven checked fabric, that is created using many different thicknesses of lines, which intersect to create different colours.
… read more
Pop Art is a form of Art that was extremely popular in the 1950’s. It uses bright colours, cartoon imagery, speech bubbles, dots and strong black lines to create interesting
… read more
Primitive art is a form of non-western, often tribal art from parts of the world such as Africa. It is often ceremonial or religious in nature and used earthy natural
… read more
Quatrefoil is Latin for ‘Four leaves.’ The shape is very popular in art, architecture and Christian symbolism and is quite similar to a clover shape. This shape is then repeated
… read more
Random patterns are just as they appear. They are patterns that have no definite repeat. The pattern itself is made from motifs or geometric shapes that have no set rotation,
… read more
A recall pattern is a pattern made up of similar motifs repeated throughout the fabric. These motifs can be changed in terms of colour, scale and repeat or they can
… read more
Regency stripe is a mixture of thin and thicker stripes. These are usually repeated to form a pattern and can be available in various colours. This pattern is used mainly
… read more
Regimental stripes are stripes that follow a distinctive pattern. This does not neccersarily mean that they are balanced, it just means that there is a pattern and colour scheme to
… read more
Rendering patterns are usually made up of geometric shapes. These shapes are then coloured in using different shades of the same colour to create a tonal, three dimensional effect. It
… read more
Roman Stripes patterns are made up of brightly coloured contrasting vertical stripes. These can range in thickness, to create interesting effects. The repeat of this pattern is often quite large
… read more
Sateen repeat is a non-directional pattern. It is made up of lots of repeats of the same motifs, facing in many different direction. The motifs are arranged in a rectangular
… read more
Scale patterns are patterns which are made to look like the scales of an animal. This can be done in many different ways, by either using overlapping half circle shapes
… read more
Scroll patterns are where elegant curved lines are printed onto the fabric. These can be in many different colours and scales and they can also be repeated in many different
… read more
Set layout pattern is a pattern in which the motif or original design repeats itself in the same way throughout. This can be done in many different ways; it can
… read more
Shades patterns are patterns that are made using different tones of the same colour. These can be made up of different motifs repeated or can be printed with an image.
… read more
Side repeat pattern is a pattern in which a motif is used and then repeated horizontally across the piece of fabric. This motif can be off-set slightly or rotated to
… read more
Straight patterns can be very similar to striped patterns. The different between the two is that sometimes instead of blocks of colour, horizontal or vertical motifs can be repeated throughout
… read more
Straight across repeat pattern is a pattern whereby the motif used is repeated either directly horizontally or vertically. It is not off-set at all. The motif that is used can
… read more
Stripe fabric is made up of different bands of different colours. These can be thick or thin and can be a uniform thickness throughout or vary in thickness down the
… read more
Stripe patterns are created by colour weaving pieces of fabric. These are made by either changing the colours of the warp or weft yarns depending with way the stripes will
… read more
Stylised patterns are usually natural, floral or art nouveau pattern. They are created by taking realistic motifs and making them more exaggerated and complex. This is usually done by adding
… read more
In pattern making a swatch is a tileable, rectangular or square unit of pattern. This can be repeated in many ways and can be made using many different colours, shapes,
… read more
Tapestry pattern is a piece of fabric that created using a needle and thread. It consists of tiny little stitches in different colours that make up a larger pattern or
… read more
Tartan pattern is a pattern consisting of both horizontal and vertical lines. These are usually in varying thicknesses to create interesting patterns. The colours vary dramatically, depending on the type
… read more
Tattersall pattern is a check or plaid fabric. It is composed of vertical and horizontal lines of the same thicknesses, evenly spaced to create a geometric pattern consisting of squares.
… read more
Theme patterns are patterns which follow a particular theme. These can be many different variations such as nautical, floral and military. The pattern is usually made up of several different
… read more
Toile fabric is basically the same as Toile De Jouy fabric. It is made using an off white background with a blue, red or black motif printed repeatedly over the
… read more
Toile De Jouy pattern usually consists of an off-white background. The pattern on top of this is a repeated pattern that is a fairly complex scene. This scene usually depicts
… read more
Tossed patterns are patterns which usually feature one or more motifs. They are arranged on the fabric as though they have just been tossed on, and the end effect is
… read more
Tracery is the gothic patterns in stonework. These were increasingly popular in architecture in the 13th Century and the patterns used are intricate and delicate. These are mainly floral or
… read more
Transitional patterns are patterns which change throughout the space of the repeat. These can be changed in many ways such as faded, brightened, expanded, having the colour changed or the
… read more
Trellis pattern is a pattern which resembles the supporting structure of wood or metal trellising. This pattern is made up of interwoven strips of colour to create diamond or other
… read more
Turnover pattern is a pattern in which a design or motif is printed and then it is flipped either horizontally or vertically. This pattern is usually repeated and can use
… read more
A Two way layout is a pattern in which half of it lies in one direction and the other half lies in the other direction for example, facing up and
… read more
A two directional pattern is a pattern that faces in two different directions. This is different from a two way layout as this kind of pattern can be at any
… read more
Unbalanced Stripes is a patter created by having blocks of colour running either usually horizontally or vertically through the fabric. These vary in width, and so do the spaces of
… read more
Vermicular pattern is a pattern made up of irregular twisted lines. Its name is derived from the Latin language meaning ‘Worm’ The lines create loops or curved lines or irregularly
… read more
Wallpaper groups is a mathematical classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern, based on the symmetries in the pattern. These patterns are very geometric and have a definite repeat. The can
… read more
Wallpaper pattern fabrics are simply fabrics that have patterns applied to them similar to those applied to wallpaper, these can range from anything from floral to geometric to damask prints.
… read more
Watercolour patterns are applied to fabric, not by using watercolour paints as the name would suggest, but instead using silk paints. The patterns are usually flowing and brightly coloured abstract
… read more
Windowpane check is a checked fabric that resembles window panes repeated across the fabric. It is available in many colours and is most commonly used in shirts, suiting and other
… read more
Wreath pattern is the pattern of ring shapes. These are generally made up of swirling lines, flowers or other organic shapes. They take their name from the Wreath Garland which
… read more
Zalij is a pattern made up of lots of geometric shapes that link together seamlessly. It originated from Morocco and was used frequently as a mosaic in mosques and other
… read more
Matthew Williamson SS13 Colour Field is an artistic movement all about emotion and expression, with a close link to Abstract Expressionism and Action Painting. The artists treat their canvas or
… read more
The 1960’s saw the children of the baby boom growing up and wanting a new period of art and fashion which was modern and experimental. This period became known as
… read more
Lettrism or ‘letters’ in French was an art movement founded in the 1940’s by Isidore Isou in Paris, influenced by the theories of Dada and Surrealism, Isidore Isou’s aim was
… read more
Alexander McQueen SS12 Metaphysical Art was first introduced by Giorgio de Chirico in 1911. The movement focuses on the great works of the past and is consumed by feelings of
… read more
Prada AW12/13 The ‘Algorithm’ was first named by the Persian Mathematician Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khārwizmi for use with calculation and data processing. However, artists have been inspired by the algorithm
… read more
A belt is a strap, usually made of leather, which is worn around the waist and often slotted into trousers to hold them up and fix them in place.
… read more
The walking stick is a long and thin cane that is most often used as a walking aid for people who need help keeping their balance when walking. However,
… read more
The cravat is a necktie, most frequently made of silk, that is dated all the way back to the 17th century and preceding all other forms of necktie. In modern
… read more
The bow tie is a men’s necktie, which is worn around the collar of a shirt in the fashion of a looped bow. The bow tie is required at
… read more
Lanvin – AW12/13 Fauvism was the first major avant-garde movement of the twentieth century between the years of 1904 and 1908; however it began in 1900 and continued beyond
… read more
The 1950’s was a historical time, with the crowning of Queen Elizabeth II, the re-election of Winston Churchill and Britain repairing the damage of the Second World War. It was also a
… read more
Viktor & Rolf – SS11 Surrealism has been called a revolution in itself by its leader André Breton. The element of surprise and wonder is essential within Surrealism, with
… read more
Realism began in France after the 1848 revolution. This period in time saw many advances in science and technology which therefore created a growing confidence in knowledge and consequently a
… read more
Stella McCartney – SS12 Pointillism is a technique of painting introduced in 1886 by Georges Seurat and Paul Signac. The technique involves painting in small distinct dots of pure
… read more
Matthew Williamson – SS12 The Rose Period for Picasso showed a complete turnaround in his psychological state from his sombre Blue Period. After the death of his friend in
… read more
Vera Wang – SS12 Picasso is one of the most celebrated artists to have lived. His work has founded many other art movements and influenced other artists and designers
… read more
Vivienne Westwood – SS12 After Picasso’s previous Blue and Rose periods, his African period followed shortly in 1906, and lasted until 1909. He was inspired by the African materials
… read more
Zac Posen – AW12/13 Orientalism in Fashion was a clear movement away from the restricted lines of the Victorian Age. With the exotic colours, patterns and fabrics being brought
… read more
Copyright © AFP/Collection Roger-Viollet Modernism represents a change in perspective of culture within society, in order to look at subjects with a modern viewpoint. This change in view point started
… read more
Thierry Mugler – SS12 The Magical Realist writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez is best known for the art and literary movement with his book ‘One hundred years of solitude’ written in
… read more
Haute Couture – Armani Privé AW12/13 – The kind of Minimalism A minimalist design is a design stripped down to only it’s essential elements, creating a look of strength
… read more
Peter Pilotto – SS13 After World War II France was trying to heal the destruction of the city, art critics argue that European Lyrical Abstraction was an attempt to
… read more
Impressionism is one of the most prominent and celebrated art movements in history. The most important figure in this period is the man who coined the term itself, Claude Monet
… read more
Menswear – Mugler SS12 In the early 20th century Futurism was engineered in Italy and became a new artistic and social movement. The movement revolved around futuristic ideas of speed, technology
… read more
Viktor & Rolf – AW11/12 Cubism is coined as the first and most influential abstract art movement of the twentieth century which began in 1907 and developed through to
… read more
Mugler – AW11/12 Body Art is a form of expressionism used by artists and individuals to make a statement or for decoration. The most common forms of body art
… read more
Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture and applied arts, however the popularity of the style has developed to further parts of design including furniture and fashion.
… read more
The Art Deco movement emerged in the early 1920’s and lasted until the outbreak of war in 1939. The term Art Deco was coined in 1926 after the Les Annees exhibition in Paris, commemorating
… read more
Wrapped can describe a silhouette and a look. This is when a piece of material or garment fastens, ties or sits across the body, to the opposite side of
… read more
Wide Cropped refers to a silhouette but also a look of a garment. A wide cropped garment will be large in width, hitting out at an angle on the
… read more
Voluptuous refers to a silhouette. This may be through the natural silhouette of a person or through the design of the garment worn. Voluptuous means for the silhouette to
… read more
Unfolded describes a look of a garment, it can mean for the garment to unfold in design, this often means in print or embellishment. It can also mean for
… read more
Unfinished is the term often referred to garments that have a raw edged fabric on the outer and sometimes inner of the garment. In some garments, the edges may
… read more
Ultra-Long is when a garment is exceeded in the typical length for said garment. Ultra-Long is a length that occurs normally in dresses but also in coats and trousers
… read more
A Tight Fit occurs when garments are worn which cling to the body showing no signs of looseness. Wearing garments with a tight fit can create a smooth, clean
… read more
Garments that are thin are made of a lightweight fabric which may be woven or knitted. Thin garments are usually shirts, cardigans or jumpers. Thin fabrics may show some
… read more
A tapered look is when a garment shows a fitting
… read more
Straight-Leg is a look found in trousers. A straight-leg trouser does not show any areas of particularly fitting such as darting and may have little design features. The earliest
… read more
Stiff describes a look which provides limited movement in a garment. Garments that are likely to withhold this character are formed of the fabric leather or neoprene. Garments can
… read more
Slouchy is both a silhouette and a look. A garment may be referred to as slouchy if the garment is to hang from the body in a loose and
… read more
Slim is a look associated with trousers and blazers. A slim-fit trouser is when the trousers skim over the leg fitting tightly, giving a smooth silhouette. A slim-fit blazer
… read more
sleek style fashion- Sleek can describe a silhouette or how a garment looks. When describing a sleek silhouette, the garments will fit nicely on the body without being oversized
… read more
Skinny is a type of silhouette which is created through garments that hug the body of the wearer fitting it to them. This silhouette is most typically given to
… read more
Shining is when a garment or accessory projects light. A look of shining usually takes form in metals and metallic colours, normally designed in an array of fabrics including
… read more
Shimmering is a look often associated with beads and
… read more
Shaggy is a silhouette displayed through a type of fur or heavily textured fabric to be worn. Usually presenting itself in jackets and coats, the silhouette is one of
… read more
Rugby is a look which often means adhering to wearing similar clothing items to those of which are worn for the sport. A rugby look often refers to the
… read more
Refined is a look denoting purification which translates in fashion to meaning showing little detailing on garments or outfits. It can also be seen to be simple in silhouette
… read more
Quilted describes a thickening of a garment. Often stitched into a geometric pattern, it traps a stuffing or padding in between two layers of fabric. This is known to
… read more
A pulled look often means to wear clothing which has the appearance of being distressed or to have pulled away from the fabric. The garments may look worn already,
… read more
Puffy is a description of which means to describe a silhouette that appears bigger, almost as if the garment were filled with air and can disproportion some areas. A
… read more
Pleated is a garment that beholds strategically placed folds within it where the fabric has been doubled and stitched or pressed in place. There are 11 types of pleat
… read more
One-piece is a garment which is all in one piece rather than two pieces. Such garments designed in this format are swimsuits, dresses (as it is only one piece)
… read more
Nude is a look that describes a person wearing an item which matches their skin tone. It can also be an item worn very close to the body, with
… read more
Neat determines a look. It means for the silhouette to be approached smoothly, with garments being tucked and creaseless. It is seen as a smart look and may be
… read more
Mid Height determines that a garment is neither high nor low. This can be referred to with heels and has been a height worn in the 1930s/40s with heels,
… read more
Maxi is a type of length. This length is normally given to skirts and dresses, resting at the bottom of the foot of the wearer. The first showing of
… read more
Low-Waist or low rise is a look given to when garments such as trousers, shorts or skirts sit at the top of the hips. This was a style that
… read more
Loose is the name given to describe clothing which does not fit the body in a certain area or all over. On loose clothing there may be little or
… read more
Knee Length is used for acknowledging where a garment finishes on a garment. It is normally used for skirts, dresses, coats and jackets. It was a common length for
… read more
Knee-High is often a description given for lengths for footwear, such as socks and boots. This explains the length in which the sock or footwear ends. Knee High boots
… read more
Jogging is a term for items of clothing which are normally designed in a thicker jersey and are usually worn as trousers. They were originally worn as part of
… read more
Hooded is a term to deter whether a garment has a hood on which covers the back of the head and neck. Most garments that will be hooded have
… read more
High Waist defines the silhouette of a garment sitting higher up between under the bust and the waist. It applies to garments worn on the bottom half of the
… read more
High Neckline describes where the garment begins at the top of the body. A high neckline can be used to determine if the neckline sits at the nape of
… read more
Flares refers to a projection of volume in a silhouette, flares are also referred to as a type of trouser style. A flare can feature on dresses or tops,
… read more
Flamboyant is a word to describe a look. The word Flamboyant is used when a look may be excessive in colour, accessories and styling. Louise Gray A/W 12 and Alexander
… read more
Fitted means to have a garment to be the correct size for the body and to sit closely to the body, leaving little room. It may be fitted using
… read more
Extended Shoulders is a term delegated to when the garments worn extend the height and width of the shoulders. Often seen throughout the 1980s by designers such as Yves Saint Laurent and Dior, this
… read more
Elbow-High is a measurement in gloves which means the gloves are long on the forearm, reaching to the elbows. Gloves at this length are most likely to be worn
… read more
Drop waist wedding dress is a silhouette a particular style of dress gives. To create this silhouette, the waist of the dress is dropped lower, falling close to the
… read more
Draped is a term used for when an excessive amount of fabric cut on the bias is placed over the body in a certain area. This causes the fabric
… read more
The word Cropped refers to garments that finish higher than the natural measurement for body parts on to which they are worn. Garments that this term is often used
… read more
A Crop-Top is an item worn on the top half of the body usually resting under the bust, staying above the waistline and showing the rest of the abdomen.
… read more
The word Conservative in fashion is used to notify a look. The word refers to a look of often covering oneself up, to be reserved through choice of colours,
… read more
Comfy is slang for comfortable and is used to describe how a person feels or may feel when wearing a certain garment. It is most commonly used when the
… read more
Cocoon refers to a silhouette given by garments. The Cocoon silhouette shows the person as surrounded by the garment, creating an enlarged oval shaped silhouette which begins at the
… read more
Chunky describes the appearance of a fabric or of a garment and sometimes to describe the silhouette. It often means the appearance of the person is larger and disproportionate
… read more
Bustier is a type of lingerie originally with a flexible boned structure, which originated from the corset. It hugs the torso tightly, hitting the waist and gives structure forming
… read more
Breezy is a word that a person uses to describe the feeling a garment may give them. This is when the garment is thin in fabric or it may
… read more
Boxy is a type of silhouette that garments can create depending on the shape of construction; the word is used when the silhouette created gives the illusion of a
… read more
Billowy is a descriptive word that describes the effect that a garment produces. The effect is caused by a mass volume of fabric floating in appearance, causing a large
… read more
A-Line is the word given to the shape that certain garments give. The word originated from designer Christian Diorin 1955 which at the time described a silhouette that was created
… read more
Ankle Length describes the length as to which a garment finishes on a person. The garment sits just at the ankle of the wearer and was originally created at
… read more
Above the Knee is a phrase to imply where a garment sits on a person. Above the knee denotes that garment sits anywhere between below the hips and above
… read more
Used to describe mainly the lengths of sleeves, this length depicts that the sleeve sits between the elbow and wrist. It is mainly used in womenswear, producing a flattering
… read more
2/4 length denotes the length of a garment. When translated it means to be half of the normal length for the desired body part to be worn on. The
… read more
Renaissance refers to a cultural movement that generally lasted from the 14th to the 17th century. The movement began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe, and was
… read more
Prehistory refers to the period of time before recorded history, although it usually refers more specifically to the time when humans existed but their activity wasn’t recorded. Many people
… read more
The Paleolithic era refers to a period of history within the Stone Age which saw the discovery and development of primitive stone tools. In terms of Paleolithic fashion, it
… read more
The Neolithic (or New Stone) Age was an important period in the development of human technology towards the end of the Stone Age. In terms of fashion, the Neolithic
… read more
The Napoleonic era refers to a period of history between 1799 and 1815 and is often classified as the fourth and final era of the French Revolution. In terms
… read more
Many designers cite Morocco as an influence for their collections, due to the country’s diversity and rich blend of culture. Traditional Moroccan garments continually find their way onto the
… read more
In general, Modern Era refers to a period of history spanning from 1946 to the present day. With the end of the Second World War in 1945, fashion changed
… read more
Iron Age refers to the period in which iron became widely used; because the material was introduced to various countries at different times, there are no specific dates to
… read more
Mesoamerica refers to an area of South America where many of the pre-Colombian civilisations flourished. Mesoamerican art and architecture was extremely famous for its use of pattern, colour and
… read more
The medieval era generally refers to a period of history spanning the 5th and 15th century. During these years, fashion and textiles evolved gradually as technology developed. In general,
… read more
Maya refers to the ancient Maya civilisation, a South-American civilisation famous for its art and architecture. In terms of its influence on modern fashion, many of the Aztec prints
… read more
Mannerism refers to a period of history between 1520 and 1580 in which European art was particularly influential. The art of the mannerism era was mainly based upon the
… read more
Modern Japanese fashion can typically be divided into two categories – extremely minimal and extremely extrovert. Renowned Japanese designer Yohji Yamamoto spearheaded the minimal aesthetic, using a limited and
… read more
Traditionally, Indian womenswear is comprised of flowing saris which can be draped over the body in a number of ways. Usually fabricated from silk and highly luxurious, rubies and other
… read more
Greek clothing is known for being loose-fitting, extremely flattering and highly wearable. The most-replicated Greek garment is without doubt the toga; with its asymmetric design and comfortable fit it
… read more
The Gothic era refers to a period of European history between 1500 and 1800 which saw a drastic change in the art and architecture at the time. Many cathedrals
… read more
The Georgian era refers to a period of British history under the reign of the four Hanoverian kings George I, II, III and IV (1714-1830). In terms of fashion,
… read more
Marchesa AW12/13 Generally, Chinese fashion is heavily inspired by traditional Chinese prints and design. Bold colour palettes and luxurious fabrics are usually utilised to create dresses which are more
… read more
Cambodia is rapidly establishing itself as a fashion landmark. With the recent introduction of Cambodian Fashion Week and promising fashion designers such as Eric Raezina (the Cambodian designer known for
… read more
Traditionally, Buddhists have two ways of seeing fashion; either as an art form or a symbol of materialism. Buddhists of importance are frequently associated with the “kasaya”, a robe formed
… read more
Baroque refers to a period of Western history at the beginning of the 17th Century. The fashion during this period became more relaxed and less restrictive. Waistlines became higher
… read more
The Anglo Saxon era refers to the period of history in the years 500-1066. Clothing in the Anglo Saxon era was extremely basic both for men and women. Women tended
… read more
Vivienne Westwood AW12/13 The Age of Enlightenment refers to a period of history in the early 18th century (1700-1750) in which European intellectuals used their knowledge to advance education systems and
… read more
Wedges were created by Italian designer Salvatore Ferragamo. He designed the orthopaedic wedge in 1935 and the wedge heel in 1936. Ferragamo used cork and wood because of a
… read more
Stiletto shoe has a pointy shape at the front and a very thin heel. The stiletto is named due to the heel actually called stiletto. They date back to
… read more
Sneakers are also know as trainers or plimsolls. They are shoes that cover the whole foot, sit just under the ankle and have laces in the centre to tie
… read more
A slipper is an indoor type of shoe due to theirs softness, lightweight and comfort. There are many different types of slippers, the most fashionable are styles of actual moccasin,
… read more
A sling back is type backless shoe with a strap behind the heel or ankle. The strap comes from the front and round to the ankle with some sort
… read more
A shoe boot is made by two different styles of footwear mixed together to achieve a very different and inventive piece. The shoe boot comes just under the ankle
… read more
There are many different styles of the sandal shoe. A sandal is a lightweight shoe, an open type of outdoor footwear were the sole is held to the foot
… read more
A riding boot is a boot made for horse riding. There are many different styles of the English riding boot used for different styles of riding. The boots are
… read more
Rain boots also known as wellingtons and popularly known today as ‘Wellies’ were created less than 200 years ago in the early 19th century in England. Arthur Wellesley, the first
… read more
Pumps are a very common type of shoes that are typically close-toed, often have a heel and can be made from a variety of materials. The shoes uppers on
… read more
Platform shoes are also known as disco boots. The platform is a shoe with a deep sole called “platform” that raises the foot from front to back. Platforms can
… read more
A peep toe shoe is a type of shoe that has an opening at the toe-box at the front of the shoe. The style of the peep toe allows
… read more
The oxford shoe is a style of laced up shoe with lace eyelets stitched underneath the vamp of the shoe, a method known as ‘closed lacing’. They are traditionally
… read more
Moccasins are a traditional Native American shoe. The traditional shoe comes in a variety of print and decorative patterns depending on the tribe and location. Moccasins are simple footwear
… read more
The loafer is a shoe also known as Slip-ons and penny loafers. They are traditionally square shaped and low at the front with a flat sole and a tassels
… read more
It’s hard to define where lace-up shoes have been first created and what the original style was due to the enormous amount of different lace-up styles today. The style
… read more
Knee high boots rise to the knee or just slightly below. They come in a variety of styles; some are flat heeled boots and others in different heel heights.
… read more
The kitten heel is a short, slender heel, usually from 3.5 to 4.75 centimetres nearly two inches high with a slight curve, setting the heel in from of the
… read more
Hiking boots are footwear specifically designed for the sport of hiking. They are boots that rise up the ankle and usually are laced up. They are very important shoe
… read more
无根鞋是一种非常高但是没有鞋跟的鞋。无根鞋需要一个高的平台来支撑脚前掌，以此来辅助行走。 无根鞋的设计者是André Perugia，一位在1937年创立了自己的品牌的的设计师。这种鞋的款式在当时并没有立刻流行。直到21世纪的一个设计师Noritaka Tatehana开始重新制作无根鞋。无根鞋的设计受到了用空罐制作木屐的启发。自从这些现代高跟鞋成为焦点，许多设计师在系列作品中推出了自己的无根鞋。Jean Paul Gaultier在巴黎2012年春夏系列中展示了他设计的无根鞋。
Heels are designed to raise the foot at the back of the shoe while the front being lower, this is called high heels; the most common heel and iconic
… read more
Gladiator Sandals are a flat sandal with several wide cross straps holding the sole to the foot, with one wide strap around the ankle. These shoes have existed since
… read more
Espadrille shoes are a popular and simple flat casual shoe. The material is usually canvas or cotton fabric for the upper of the shoe and a flexible sole made
… read more
Dr Martens are lace-up ankle boots with a rubber air cushioned sole. The classic styles are black with yellow stitching but the styles have developed so much over the years
… read more
Desert boots are made out of suede with rubber crepe soles and just two eyelets for laces. Desert boots were designed by Nathan Clark who was serving as an
… read more
Creepers are shoes also known as brothel creepers. They look like shoes but have a huge platform heel underneath and are usually laced up. They originate from Africa; suede
… read more
The history of the boot quite clearly as the name says comes from cowboys. From the USA in Texas these boots have evolved since the 1800’s.The boots had a
… read more
Court shoes are shoes with a low cut front and usually made without a fastening, however today there are a wide variety of court shoes in different colours, materials
… read more
A clog is a type of shoe always made or partially made from wood. Clogs originally were made as protective clothing for farming, mining and other labour works, popular
… read more
Chelsea boots are boots that reach height up to the ankle and are tight-fitting, around the ankle. Chelsea boots have been around since the Victorian era, and were originally
… read more
The word’ brogue’ comes from the Scottish and Irish Gaelic word ‘brog’ meaning shoe. A brogue is a type of shoe made together with multiple pattern pieces of sturdy
… read more
Boat shoes were invented in 1935 by Paul Sperry and they were designed to be wore on boats. Sperry noticed his dogs ability to maintain grip on a icy lake
… read more
Biker boots usually cover the foot and extend up the leg and come in a variety of styles and heights. Traditionally most boots have a slight heel and made
… read more
Ballet pumps which are also known as dolly shoes are inspired from the ballet slipper. There are different styles of the ballet slipper as some have a very thin
… read more
The ankle boot is a boot that covers the whole foot and reaches up to the ankle. There are many styles of ankle boots today that are open toed
… read more
How is Triacetate made? Triacetate is a form of Acetate material. It is a synthetic fibre manufactured from cellulose and was first produced commercially in 1954. Triacetate Manufacture Triacetate is
… read more
How is PVC made? PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride. It is a synthetic material derived from petrochemicals. PVC Manufacture PVC is a thermoplastic material. This means that it can be
… read more
How is Polyester made? Polyester is a synthetic fibre that is similar to Polyamide, although it is generally stronger and less shiny in appearance. It was first produced commercially in
… read more
How is Polyamide made? Polyamide is a synthetic fibre often referred to as Nylon. It is derived from petrochemicals and was first developed by DuPont in the 1930’s. Polyamide was
… read more
How are Patent Leathers made? Patent leather is leather that has been specially treated to produce a hard, smooth high gloss finish. This fabric was first produced in the US
… read more
How is Olefin Fibre made? In the textile industry, the term ‘Olefin Fibres’ refers to a synthetic fibre made up of at least 85% Polyethylene or Polypropylene by weight. Olefin
… read more
How is Modacrylic made? Modacrylic is a synthetic fibre derived from copolymers. It was first produced commercially in the US in 1949. Modacrylic is very similar to regular Acrylic, but
… read more
How is Lycra made? Lycra is a synthetic elastic fabric. It goes by many names. In Europe it is usually referred to as Lycra, North Americal calls it Spandex which
… read more
How is Lurex made? Lurex is the registered trademark name for a type of yarn with a metallic appearance. The yarn is made from synthetic film. Lurex Manufacture Lurex fibres
… read more
How is Fleece made? Fleece is a soft napped insulating fabric. It was made to mimic and in some ways surpass wool. It is made from synthetic fibres, mainly Polyethylene
… read more
How is Elastane made? Elastane is a synthetic elastic fabric. It goes by many names. In Europe it is usually referred to as Elastane, North Americal calls it Spandex which
… read more
How is Carbon Fibre made? Carbon fibre and Carbon fibre fabric are made from bulk amounts of staple or filament strands of Carbon or Graphite. Carbon Fibre Manufacture Carbon fibre
… read more
How is Acrylic made? Acrylic fibres were first manufactured by the DuPont company and although they don’t manufacture Acrylic today, it is still manufactured extensively. It uses a chemical substance
… read more
How is Acetate made? Acetate is a synthetic or man-made fibre. It is made by processing liquid filaments into fibres. It is made from the cellulose material found in wood
… read more
How is Viscose fabric made? Viscose is a unique form of wool cellulose acetate. It was the first man-made fibre and is a semi-synthetic. This means that although the production
… read more
How is Seaweed fabric made? Seaweed fabric is made using Algae material from the sea. It was first discovered during the First World War when fabric manufacturers looked into experimenting
… read more
How is Polylactic Acid fabric made? Polylactic Acid is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources. It is typically made from Corn starch, tapioca products or Sugar canes depending
… read more
How is Natural Rubber fabric made? Natural rubber is made from the organic compound Latex which is derived from tree sap. The trees that it is usually found in are
… read more
How is Modal fabric made? Modal fibre is a regenerated cellulose fibre first manufactured in the 1930’s. It was made to initially improve on the shortfalls of Viscose and to
… read more
How is Milk Proteins Fabric made? Milk proteins fabric is a fabric made from dried Milk. It was first produced during WWI when the Germans realised its potential as a
… read more
How is Lyocell Fabric made? Lyocell is a regenerated cellulose fibre derived from Wood pulp. It was first developed in the 1980’s by the British company Courtaulds. Tencel is a
… read more
How is Soy Fabric made? Soy fabric is an eco-friendly fabric made from the hulls of Soy beans. These are taken from the waste of food production, rather than harvesting
… read more
How is Sisal Fabric made? Sisal fabric is made from the Sisal plant. This is thought to be native of Yucatan. In the 19th Century Sisal cultivation spread to Florida, Brazil
… read more
How is Rush Fabric made? Rush fabric is the fabric made using the Rush plant (Juncaceae). This plant grows in wet areas such as moors and pastures. It is more
… read more
How is Rice fabric made? Rice fabric is fabric that is made from the stem of the rice plant after all the rice has been harvested. These are usually disposed
… read more
How is Ramie fabric made? Ramie fabric is very similar to linen. It is obtained from the Ramie plant which is a member of the Nettle family and is grown
… read more
酒椰纤维是什么? 酒椰纤维是一种从酒椰的长叶子中得到的像稻草一样的纤维。这种植物主要生长在非洲和马达加斯加的热带地区。 酒椰纤维的生产过程 生产酒椰的第一步是从酒椰的叶子中剥离出长度相等的纤维。酒椰的叶子可长达18米并且由大约100片小叶组成。在收割酒椰叶子之后放在阳光下晾晒。如果这一步没有做好，那么生产出的纤维会易碎并且僵硬。为了确保一切正常，酒椰的叶子在晾晒时用草和树叶进行包裹。这能使酒椰的颜色变成能与其相符的黄色。之后这些酒椰叶的每一片小叶的纤维都将被抽取出来，生产出一种长且纤细的纤维，接下来将用于织造面料。 酒椰纤维接下来将被收集并且按颜色、长度和宽度进行分类。最终的产物既可以染色也可以保留原色。如需要染色，酒椰纤维必须在煮沸的染料中进行上色，以便染料能渗入纤维中。为了纺织面料，酒椰纱线将被缠绕在一个线轴上或者平织成面料。 酒椰面料的这种收割和生产方式不会损伤树，意味着这种面料非常环保和具有可持续性。 酒椰的特性 •柔软 •耐用 •易染色 •湿气中不会收缩 •用于编织足够柔韧 •可暴露于强光之下 •结实 •可再生资源 酒椰纤维面料的最终用途 •女帽 •工艺品 •花卉园艺 •色带 •纸张 •垫 •帽子 •篮子 •包 •绳索 •农业
How is Pina fabric made. Pina literally comes from the Spanish language meaning ‘Pineapple.’ It is made by hand weaving leaves from the Pineapple tree and is manufactured in the
… read more
How is Nettle fabric made? Nettle fabrics have been used since roughly 2000 years ago. Around the 16th Century they lost popularity because of the introduction of cotton. Cotton was much
… read more
How is Maize fabric made? Maize fibre is a man-made fibre extracted entirely from annually renewable resources. Maize manufacture The process of manufacturing Maize fibres is done on an industrial
… read more
How is Kenaf made? Kenaf fibre comes from the Hibiscus Cannabinus plant. This is similar to the Hemp plant, but from a different botanical family, although the two plants do
… read more
How is Kapok fabric made? Kapok is a cotton-like fabric indigenous to Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. It comes from the Kapok tree. This tree is also known as the Silk
… read more
Linen fabric is mainly used in summer clothing because of its cool, fresh feel. It was once however used for household linens as it becomes softer and more supple with
… read more
How is cotton made? Cotton is a natural cellulose fibre from the seed boll of the cotton plant. The majority of cultivated cotton is grown in America, China and India,
… read more
How is coconut fabric made? Coir fabric is made from the activated carbon from recycled coconut shell. Activated carbon has been used for centuries to purify drinking water and to
… read more
How is Bamboo fabric made? Bamboo fabric comes from the Bamboo plant. Bamboo is a fast growing perennial, evergreen plant. It can grow up to 100cm in a 24 hour
… read more
How is Metal/Steel Wire made? Metal wire fabrics are basically fabrics that have been made either incorporating metal wire or made entirely out of metal or steel wire. These can
… read more
How is Metal foil made? Metal foil fabric is any fabric that is coated with a layer that looks like metal foil. Metal foil production Metal foil fabrics are manufactured
… read more
How is Metal fibre made? Metal fibres are manufactured fibres composed of metal, plastic coated metal or metal coated plastic. Back in Ancient times metal fibres were only used in
… read more
How is Glass fibre made? Glass fibre is a dimensionally stable engineering material. It was first made by the ancient Egyptians and Greeks who knew how to melt glass down
… read more
How is Basalt Fibre Made? Basalt fibre is a natural mineral fibre. It is mainly available from Russia, the USA and India. The first attempts to make Basalt fabric were
… read more
How is Asbestos fabric made? Asbestos is a mineral fibre. Its first documented use was in Russia in the 1720’s and it is the only naturally occurring mineral that can
… read more
How is wool made? Wool is first developed as a yarn in around 4000BC, many anthropologists believe that this came from a need to survive and keep warm in the
… read more
How is Vicuna fabric made? Vicuna fabric is the fibre from the llama which is native to the Andes Mountains of South America. It is more expensive and rarer than
… read more
Silk is a protein filament fibre produced by certain moths, spiders and other insects. How is Silk made? Silk fabric is created mainly by ‘Silkworm Moths’ called Bombyx Mori. These
… read more
How is Mohair fabric made? Mohair is the name of the fibre or fabric made from the hair of the Angora goat. It is one of the oldest textile fibres
… read more
Felt – Felt is a dense fabric made from tightly matted fibres, usually wool but sometimes blended with other animal fibres or manufactured fibres. Felt is neither knitted nor woven so
… read more
Chinchilla is a fiber / fabric soft, dense fur made from the Chinchilla animal, a small rodent slightly larger than the average squirrel and native to the Andes. The fur
… read more
How is Cashmere made? Cashmere is a wool fibre which is produced from the fine underhair of the Kel goat. This comes from India, Mongolia and Iran. Cashmere is produced
… read more
How is Camel Hair fabric made? Camel hair is the fibre obtained from the Bactrian Camel. This type of camel is native to Turkey, China and Siberia. The main producers
… read more
How is Angora fabric made? Angora is the downy coat of the Angora rabbit. It is very different from the fabric produced from the Angora goat which is referred to
… read more
How is Alpaca fabric made? The process used to make Alpaca is very similar to that of wool. The fibres come from a domesticated, shaggy haired mammal related to the
… read more
Zibeline fabric is a soft, thick fabric. It is constructed using a satin weave. It has a long nap which is usually made form wool and is sometimes combined with
… read more
Worsted – Worsted yarns are long, smooth and lustrous. This is because they are produced entirely from long, staple wool fibres that have been combed and carded in order to remove
… read more
Woolsey fabric is sometimes referred to as Woolsey-Linsey fabric and is a Scottish fabric. It is a coarse, roughly woven fabric and is usually woven in a plain or twill
… read more
How is wool made? Wool is first developed as a yarn in around 4000BC, many anthropologists believe that this came from a need to survive and keep warm in the
… read more
Winceyette fabric is a brand name for a soft fabric. It has a slightly woolley finish. This fabric is generally constructed using a plain weave and is mainly made of
… read more
Wincey fabric is a British fabric. It is usually constructed using a plain weave or a twill weave and was originally manufactured using a cotton warp and a wool or
… read more
Wild Silk fabric is also known as Tussah and comes from certain types of wild moths, usually from China or India. Wild Silk fabrics are coarse or rough in texture
… read more
Wigan fabric is a plain weave fabric. It is usually made from Cotton and has a very firm handle. It is used mainly to stiffen garments, usually as an interlining.
… read more
White wool is the generic term for any wool that is in its natural un-dyed state. This ‘pure’ wool is more valuable than off-white wool as this may contain dark
… read more
Voile fabric is a sheer fabric. It is fine and lightweight and usually constructed using a plain weave. Generally, Voile fabric is made using 100% Cotton, or Cotton blended with
… read more
Viyella – Viyella is a soft, durable twill fabric made from Merino Wool and Cotton. It was developed in the 1890’s by English Textiles Company Williams Hollins and Co. It became
… read more
Velvetine fabric is a heavyweight, warm fabric which is better suited to winter garments. It is a smooth, silky fabric with a long pile and is constructed using cotton yarns
… read more
Velvet is a luxurious fabric. It is created by using the warp yarns to make a pile on the right side of the fabric. These are usually cut and produce
… read more
Velveteen fabric is a fabric made purely to imitate Velvet. It is usually made from cotton or viscose and has a pile that is made using the weft yarns rather
… read more
Velour fabric is a term used to describe any fabric with a short, dense pile on one side. These fabrics can be made of various fibres such as wool, linen,
… read more
Valenciennes Lace is a type of bobbin lace. It is fine and durable. It is an intricate handmade lace and is characterised by having floral patterns on a mesh background.
… read more
Tweed – Tweed is a very durable fabric, usually constructed of a twill weave but can also be plain woven. Tweed is available in a variety of different weights and can
… read more
Tulle fabric is a fine, soft net fabric. It was originally made of silk and was referred to as ‘Silk Tulle,’ but more commonly nowadays it is made from synthetic
… read more
Tricotine fabric is a twill weave fabric. It is very hard-wearing and can be characterised by having a flat, diagonal double rib. Tricotine is very similar to Cavalry twill fabric
… read more
Tricot fabric is a knitted fabric. It is produced on a knitting machine and is a ‘warp’ knit. It can be recognised by having fine ribs running down the length
… read more
Towelling fabric is made most commonly from cotton. It is constructed using a pile weave and the pile is left uncut, so that it is in the form of loops.
… read more
Toile fabric is the generic term given to any fabric used for the purpose of making a toile. A toile is a trial garment, made during the initial design stages
… read more
Ticking fabric is a very strong fabric. It is typically constructed using a twill weave and is usually woven from cotton or a cotton/linen blend. It is usually colour woven
… read more
Thai Silk is purely the name given to any Silk manufactured in Thailand by native Thai Silkworms. Silk is a protein filament fibre produced by certain moths, spiders and other
… read more
Terry Towelling – Terry towelling is a soft absorbent fabric that is woven or knitted from cotton or linen yarns. Blended fibres can be used as well. The fabric has an
… read more
Tattersall fabric is a checked fabric. The checked pattern is made up of even checks, typically made up of narrow lines in two or more colours on top of a
… read more
Tarlatan fabric is a coarse, sheer fabric. It is a gauze-like fabric and is woven in an open plain weave. It is usually stiffened with a product called ‘size.’ Tarlatan
… read more
Taffeta is another plain woven silk fabric made using silk threads. It is characterised by its smooth crisp handle, which can hold its shape better than cotton. It is often
… read more
Swanskin fabric was originally a fabric that was literally the skin of the swan with the feathers still attached, however more recently because of the preservation of the swan it
… read more
Swansdown fabric is a general term for any soft, raised fabrics. Cotton Swansdown fabric is typically woven in a Sateen weave. The term ‘Swansdown’ also refers to a fine, soft,
… read more
Surah fabric is a soft, lustrous fabric. It is constructed using a twill weave and has been in production since the 1820’s. This fabric has been used for dresses, blouses,
… read more
Stockinette fabric is a knitted stretch fabric. It is knitted using a Stockinette stitch. It is typically made from cotton, manufactured fibres or various blends. Like many knitted fabrics, Stockinette
… read more
Slub fabric is any fabric that is made from slub yarns. These yarns are made in varying thicknesses down the length of the yarn. This can be produced either by
… read more
Silkaline is a silk-like fabric. It is soft and thin, and is usually constructed using a plain weave. It is very rare nowadays, but it was formally used for linings.
… read more
This is a lower grade Silk fabric made using the shorter fibres that are leftover from the manufacture of other silk fabrics. It is generally weaker and cheaper than other
… read more
Silk Chiffon is a fabric made from cultivated Silk; it is extremely thin fabric, semi-transparent fabric woven in a plain weave with a tightly twisted fine yarn. It is often
… read more
Silk is a protein filament fibre produced by certain moths, spiders and other insects. How is Silk made? Silk fabric is created mainly by ‘Silkworm Moths’ called Bombyx Mori. These
… read more
Silesia fabric is a twilled cotton fabric. It is used for dress linings and pockets. It is a sturdy fabric. This fabric gets its name from the Latinised German word
… read more
A course uneven fabric made from fibres spun jointly by two silkworms from two joined cocoons, resulting in a yarn of irregular thickness. The fabric is course and has a
… read more
Serge fabric is a durable fabric. It is usually constructed using a twill weave and has visible diagonal ribs on both sides. It can also be made using a plain
… read more
Seersucker fabric is a plain weave fabric. It can be made from linen, cotton, silk, viscose or blends of these. It can be recognised by contrasting strips of puckered and
… read more
Scrim fabric is a gauze fabric. It is a very lightweight fabric and is usually made from cotton, or sometimes flax. The main uses of Scrim fabric are in curtain
… read more
Schiffi Lace is a form of machine made lace. This type of lace is created by embroidering a pattern on a special type of fabric. This fabric has been chemically
… read more
Satin Silk is the most common type of silk, and the one we generally think of when we think of silk. The name refers to the fact it is manufactured
… read more
Sateen fabric is a soft, smooth, satin-like fabric. It is produced using a ‘Sateen Weave’ and is closely woven to create a glossy surface. This fabric is generally made from
… read more
Sailcloth fabric is very similar to canvas and can be woven in a plain weave, basket weave or a rib weave. Like Canvas, it is available in various weights depending
… read more
Sagathy fabric is a lightweight fabric. It is usually made from a blend of silk and cotton or wool. It is finely twilled and is very similar to Serge fabric.
… read more
Sacking fabric is a rough fabric which is usually unbleached. It is similar to Burlap fabric and is a heavyweight fabric. Sacking fabric is usually made from natural fibres such
… read more
Russel fabric is a corded fabric. The cord lines in this fabric run warp wise and it is typically made using a cotton warp and a worsted filling yarn. The
… read more
Romal fabric is a plain woven Indian fabric. It is usually made from silk and is used for dresses and handkerchiefs. It is used so frequently in handkerchief manufacture that
… read more
Repp fabric is a heavyweight fabric. It is usually manufactured from a variety of materials including cotton, wool, silk, viscose, synthetic fibres or various blends. It is constructed using a
… read more
Ratine fabric is the general term for any fabric made from Ratine yarns. These yarns are fancy yarns and have a nubbly surface. The Ratine fabric created from these yarns
… read more
Raschel Knit fabric is a type of fabric produced by warp knitting. It is produced on the Raschel machine. This machine uses special needles called ‘Latch needles’ Raschel knits do
… read more
Quiviut fabric is a luxurious fabric from the Arctic Musk Ox. The fibres come from the under wool and are harvested during the spring as this is when the animal
… read more
Poplin – Poplin is a strong, absorbent cotton fabric. It is closely woven using a rib weave, however it is manufactured using a thicker weft yarn than warp to produce a
… read more
Pique fabric is a strong, slightly stiff fabric. It is a medium weight, and can be made by either weaving or knitting. It is characterised by having raised, often rounded
… read more
Percaline fabric is a fine, lightweight cotton fabric. It is typically glazed or woven with mercerised yarns to give the fabric strength and lustre. Percaline fabric is usually dyed bright
… read more
Peau de Soie is a soft, strong and medium weight fabric. It is woven using a twill weave and the fabric has a dull, textured appearance. It is a luxurious
… read more
Peau d’ Ange fabric is a fabric that has been finished so that it has a dull, waxy surface. This finish is fenerally applied to crepes, satins and lace, but
… read more
Parramatta fabric is a fabric generally made using a silk warp and a cotton weft. It was very popular during the Regency period and was used extensively in mourning dress.
… read more
Oxford fabric is a soft, strong cloth. It is usually constructed using a basket weave and cotton yarns. The cotton is often blended with synthetic fibres to give the fabric
… read more
Ottoman fabric is a heavy fabric. It is characterised by having a flat, wide crosswise rib. It was traditionally made from silk or wool with a cotton weft, although nowadays
… read more
Osnaburg fabric is a coarse fabric. It was originally made from 100% flax yarns, but then moved on to using either flax, tow or jute yarns, either blended together or
… read more
Orleans fabric is an inexpensive material. It was produced in the 1830’s in Norwich to compete with similar fabrics in production in the North of England. This fabric had a
… read more
A very fine fabric made with tightly twisted yarn. It is lightweight, stiff and sheer. It is most commonly used for bridal and evening wear or even in interior furnishings.
… read more
Organdie fabric is a fine, lightweight fabric. It is a sheer, cotton muslin fabric. This fabric is woven in a plain weave and the yarns are generally combed before weaving.
… read more
Non-woven fabrics are fabrics which are produced without the conventional use of yarns and are not knitted or woven. The fabrics can either be created by the fibres being joined
… read more
Net fabric is an open-mesh fabric. It is manufactured by weaving, twisting, knotting or knitting the warp and the weft yarns together to form a grid-like geometric fabric made up
… read more
Needlecord is a form of corduroy. It is a tough, woven fabric, typically made of cotton. There is a cut-pile running down the fabric in lengthwise ribs. Needlecord is produced
… read more
Nankeen fabric is a hard-wearing cotton fabric. It is naturally yellow in colour, and was first woven by hand in the city of Nanking in China. This is how the
… read more
Nainsook is a fine, lightweight cotton fabric. It is woven in a palin weave, and is similar to lawn fabric, but is softer and has a lower thread count. It
… read more
Muslin fabric is the generic name for any open weave fabric made from cotton. It is generally constructed using a plain or leno weave. It is available in a wide
… read more
Mull fabric is a soft, sheer muslin fabric. It has a plain, open weave, and is typically made from cotton, silk and more recently viscose. The first Mull fabrics were
… read more
Mudcloth fabric is a handmade Malian fabric. It is a cotton fabric that is traditionally dyed with fermented mud. This is where the name ‘Mudcloth’ originates. In the production process,
… read more
Mousseline de Soie fabric is derived from the French language, literally translating as ‘Silk Muslin.’ It is a lightweight, sheer, muslin-like fabric. It is woven using a plain weave, and
… read more
Moreen fabric is a heavy, ribbed fabric. It was originally made from wool, but is now more commonly made from cotton or a blend of cotton and wool. Moreen is
… read more
Monkscloth fabric is a rough, heavyweight fabric. It is woven using a basket weave, and was originally made from Worsted yarns, and then later from cotton. It was formally used
… read more
Moleskin fabric was traditionally the velvet-like, silky fur of the mole and was used to make hats, waistcoats and coats during the 19th Century. Nowadays, the term Moleskin describes soft, durable
… read more
Misit is an animal hair fabric. It is from the alpaca animal and is a very fine, soft fibre. It is very similar to wool but is less coarse. Misit
… read more
Melton fabric is a thick, dense fabric. It has a slight nap and was traditionally made from wool. It can also be made from cotton or synthetic fibres. Melton fabric
… read more
Matelasse fabric is a woven fabric. It is characterised by having a blistered surface. This is created by the back and front of the fabric shrinking at different rates during
… read more
Marquisette fabric is a lightweight fabric. It is constructed using a leno weave and it is a net fabric. Originally, this fabric was made from silk and was used for
… read more
Marcella fabric is a stiff fabric made using a ‘pique’ or ‘marcella’ weaving style. It is generally made using cotton yarns. Marcella fabric can be identified by the raised, parallel
… read more
Madras fabric is a lightweight, fine fabric. It is usually woven from cotton but viscose, silk or other blends can be used. It is often made incorporating bold stripes or
… read more
Loden fabric is a heavy, water resistant fabric. It has been used in outerwear since the 16th Century. It was used mainly for coats, hats and jackets. The fabric is napped
… read more
Lisle fabric is a fine, lustrous fabric made from lisle yarn. This yarn is very strong and hard-twisted, meaning that it has a high twists per yarn level, making the
… read more
Linen fabric is mainly used in summer clothing because of its cool, fresh feel. It was once however used for household linens as it becomes softer and more supple with
… read more
Lawn fabric is a lightweight, absorbent fabric that is constructed using a plain weave. It has been used since the Middle Ages, and was formally made of linen, but is
… read more
Lasting fabric is a hard-wearing, dense cloth. It is generally manufactured from cotton or worsted. These fibres are ‘hard-twisted’ which means that the yarns have high twists per inch level,
… read more
Lamè fabric is the term applied to any fabric woven or knitted to incorporate metallic threads. This fabric can be made from cotton, silk or other manufactured fibres. It is
… read more
Lambswool fabric is a fine, woollen, knitted fabric. The wool is obtained from lambs. It is usually 50mm or shorter and the term ‘Lambswool’ can only be used when referring
… read more
These fabrics are very handle and are made using a Jacquard weave. This can be created using matte and reflective threads to create a contrasting pattern. This end result is
… read more
Indian Tussah Fabric is a hand woven silk fabric. It is very strong and made from wild silkworms. When left un-dyed, as it often is, it is a pale brown
… read more
Imperial PVC fabric is a woven polyester fabric coated with PVC. It is waterproof, but not breathable. PVC stands for Polyvinyl Chloride and is used as an alternative to leather,
… read more
Imperial Brocade fabric is a Brocade fabric that is woven with gold or silver yarns. It is produced on a Jacquard Loom. These fabrics are elegant and very delicate. They
… read more
Huarizo is the hair from an animal that is the cross between an Alpaca and a Llama. The end result is a fibre that is coarser and therefore less desirable
… read more
Houndstooth is a patterned fabric, produced by either using a twill weave, or having the pattern printed on. The pattern is made up of small, regular, interlocking shapes, resembling broken
… read more
Horsehair fabrics are generally woven with a cotton or polyester warp and a horsehair weft. Horsehair is a staple protein fibre that comes from the tail of a horse. The
… read more
Hopsack is a loosely woven coarse fabric. It is generally made from wool and cotton, but it can also be manufactured using hemp or jute. It is nowadays used in
… read more
Honan Silk is a high grade form of Pongee fabric. It was originally made using the silk cocoons of wild silkworms from the Honan Province of China. Honan is the
… read more
Himalaya Fabric is a ribbed fabric. It is made from bamboo and it therefore very hard-wearing. It is called Himalaya fabric as it has been manufactured in the Himalayas. Another
… read more
Hessian fabric is also known as Burlap. It is a woven fabric that is made from the Jute plant or Sisal fibres. It is used to make ropes, nets and
… read more
Herringbone – Herringbone is the name commonly used for fabrics made using a Herringbone Weave. Herringbone weave is a twill leave which is reversed every few rows, producing a zig-zag pattern.
… read more
Henrietta Fabric is a fine, woollen fabric. It was used to make women’s dresses and gowns in the Victorian period before synthetic fibres were introduced and steadily took over. Henrietta
… read more
Hemp fabric is a strong, lustrous bast fibre. It comes from the cannabis plant and has been used for thousands of years mainly as an industrial fabric. Hemp fabric is
… read more
Helanca fabric is a pique fabric, usually made of Polyamide (Nylon.) It has a four way stretch, and because of its elasticity it is used for bathing suits and other
… read more
Harris Tweed fabric is an expensive tweed fabric as it is hand-woven. It was originally manufactured on the outer Hebridan Islands of Harris, Near Scotland. It uses only local wools
… read more
A soft, lightweight durable silk fabric, made in a plain or twill weave. It is one of the cheapest Silk fabrics available and is mainly used in lining. It tears
… read more
Guipure lace is a needlepoint lace that doesn’t have a mesh background, but is instead made up of interconnecting threads. It is manufactured using a heavy buttonhole stitch. Guipure lace
… read more
Guanaco fabric is a soft, luxurious wool fabric. It comes from the Guanaco animal, which is similar to the llama. The texture of the fibres is difficult to differentiate between.
… read more
Grosgrain fabric is the collective term for a firm, heavy, plain weave fabric. It has a rounded weftwise rib and was first made in the Middle Ages. It was originally
… read more
Gros de Londres fabric is a fine, flat silk fabric. The texture is ribbed and it is very similar in appearance to Bengaline and Faille fabrics. The ribs in the
… read more
Glitter fabrics are glittery or sparkly fabrics, usually made by laminating the glitter flakes onto a fabric such as a polycotton drill fabric. The glitter makes up 100% of the
… read more
Gingham – Gingham is a plain woven fabric, usually produced using two different coloured yarns, one for the warp and one for the weft. The end result is usually small even
… read more
Georgette fabric is a plain weave crepe fabric. It is sheer, lightweight and durable. It can also be strong and absorbent meaning that it dyes well. Georgette can be made
… read more
Gazar Fabric is a plain woven fabric, usually made from silk or wool. It is crisp and has a smooth texture. It is manufactured with highly twisted yarns that are
… read more
Gauze fabric is a lightweight fabric. It is loosely woven and often transparent or semi-transparent. It is usually constructed with a plain weave or a leno weave. A leno weave
… read more
Galatea fabric is a strong, firm, heavy fabric. It is made from cotton and it can either be white, dyed various colours or printed. It is usually woven in a
… read more
Garbadine fabric is a twill weave fabric. It has a fine, diagonally running rib on the technical face, and the wrong side is totally flat. Garbadine fabric is durable and
… read more
Frieze fabric is a coarse, heavy fabric which is typically made from wool. It is napped on one side, but it can also be made from cotton, viscose and other
… read more
Fleece fabric is fabric made from the wool of a sheep or similar animal. It is a soft, durable, lightweight fabric which is more commonly made from synthetic fibres such
… read more
Flannelette fabric is an inexpensive flannel fabric made exclusively from cotton. It has a soft napped finish, similar to flannel fabric but this is applied to one side only. It
… read more
Flannel – Flannel fabric is a plain or twill weave fabric, it was originally made entirely of wool but is not more commonly blended with cotton or manufactured fibres. Flannel comes
… read more
Filet fabric is a type of needle lace fabric that is really decorative. It is made by darning or embroidering the elaborate pattern onto a knotted square or diamond mesh
… read more
Felt – Felt is a dense fabric made from tightly matted fibres, usually wool but sometimes blended with other animal fibres or manufactured fibres. Felt is neither knitted nor woven so
… read more
Faille fabric is a soft, lightweight fabric. It is constructed using a plain weave. It has a slightly glossy finish with pronounced, partly flattened cross wise ribs. It was originally
… read more
Eyelash fabric is a voile fabric that is semi-crisp. It is reversible and quite transparent and characterised by the use of clipped yarns on the surface of the fabric. These
… read more
Etamine Fabric is a soft cotton or worsted fabric. It is loosely woven with an open mesh and can be used in many applications such as curtains and in clothing.
… read more
Egyptian cotton – Egyptian Cotton is named so because of the fact it was originally produced in Egypt along the river Nile. It is characterised by its use of extra long
… read more
Ecarlate fabric is a fine fabric made from wool. It is usually dyed Scarlet as the word ‘Ecarlate’ is French and literally translates as ‘Scarlet.’ It was used by nobles
… read more
Or Shantung – A course uneven fabric made from fibres spun jointly by two silkworms from two joined cocoons, resulting in a yarn of irregular thickness. The fabric is course
… read more
Dungaree fabric is a coarse cotton fabric that used mainly for work wear. It is thought to be named after a small Indian village near Bombay called Dongari Kapar, where
… read more
Duffle fabric is a coarse, heavy fabric that is made from wool and woven so that it has a nap on both sides of the fabric. It can be used
… read more
Duck fabric is a strong, hardwearing plain weave fabric. Originally it was made entirely from linen, but later on cotton started to be used more and more. Nowadays it is
… read more
Duchesse Satin is a soft, heavy lustrous fabric. It is made using a satin weave, usually from a very fine silk yarn, but increasingly viscose warp threads are used. Duchesse
… read more
Drill – Drill fabric is constructed using twill weave and is very durable. It differs from denim in the fact that both the warp and the weft yarns are the same
… read more
Double faced fabrics are fabrics that are finished the same on either side, meaning that either side can be used as the outer or right side. Double faced wools are
… read more
Double knit is a thick knitted fabric. It is made using two sets of knitting needles and having a similar appearance on either side of the fabric. It is a
… read more
Domett Fabric is a lightweight twill or plain weave, brushed fabric that is often used as an interlining. It is similar to bump fabric and is usually either white or
… read more
Dobby Fabric is any type of fabric that has been constructed using a Dobby weave. Dobby weave is created on a loom that lower or raises the warp thread and
… read more
Dimity Fabric is a lightweight fabric which is usually made from cotton. It is woven in a way that creates fine, raised stripes or checks. Dimity Fabric is typically left
… read more
Denim– Denim is hard-wearing cotton fabric. It is manufactured using a twill weave, which is typically woven using a coloured warp (usually navy blue) and an un-dyed or white weft
… read more
Damask Fabric is an ancient fabric. It was originally made from silk, although nowadays it can be made from a variety of materials, including cotton, wool, linen, viscose and synthetic
… read more
Cypress Fabric is a fine fabric usually made from cotton lawn, silk or crepe-like in appearance. It is often gauze like meaning that it is lightweight and semi transparent. Cypress
… read more
Crinoline Fabric is a stiff, strong, open weave fabric. It was traditionally made from horse hair mixed with another fibre such as silk, linen or cotton. Other synthetic fibres can
… read more
Crinkle Fabric is used in reference to any fabric that has been either woven or gathered into pleats. Crinkle can also be created by a chemical finishing process where caustic
… read more
Cretonne is a plain weave, unglazed printed fabric that is typically made from cotton. It is mainly used for upholstery; however lighter weight versions can be used for garments. The
… read more
Crepe back satin is a fabric that is reversible. It is made using a satin weave and features a satin face and a crepe back. Crepe back satin is generally
… read more
Crepe de Chine is a fine lightweight crepe fabric. Crepe fabric is defined as being a fabric that has a slightly crinkled surface. It is either crisp or soft in
… read more
Coutil is a fabric made from cotton. It is woven in a herringbone weave and is smooth, durable and closely woven. It is used mainly as an interlining in the
… read more
Cotton Twill is a fabric made from cotton and woven in a twill weave. It can be characterised by the diagonally running, parallel ribs, known as wales. It is a
… read more
Cotton Twill is a fabric made from cotton and woven in a twill weave. It can be characterised by the diagonally running, parallel ribs, known as wales. It is a
… read more
Cotton Shantung is the term used to describe imitation shantung fabric. Originally Shantung was made from silk and was made in the Shantung province of China. Cotton Shantung has a
… read more
Cotton Lawn is a lightweight plain woven fabric. Lawn fabric was formally made of linen but it is now made from fine, carded cotton. It originates from the Middle Ages
… read more
How is cotton made? Cotton is a natural cellulose fibre from the seed boll of the cotton plant. The majority of cultivated cotton is grown in America, China and India,
… read more
Corduroy – Corduroy is a tough, woven fabric, typically made from cotton. It is constructed with a cut-pile running in vertical ribs down the fabric. This is produced using an extra
… read more
Cool Wool is a trade name used to describe lightweight ‘tropical’ wools. It is generally made from Merino wool as it has thermal-management properties and is naturally breathable. Cool Wool
… read more
Coburg fabric is a thin, single twilled worsted fabric. It is usually made from cotton or silk. Coburg is manufactured using smooth, long lustrous yarns, spun from long staple fibres.
… read more
Cluny Lace is a strong ivory or white bobbin lace. It is usually made of cotton, silk or linen. Cluny Lace can be recognised from other types of lace by
… read more
Cirè fabric is a smooth, glossy fabric. This finish is achieved through the application of wax, heat and pressure. This is usually done by first covering the fabric in wax
… read more
Chintz fabric is made using a plain weave construction. It is typically made using cotton or other fibre blends and has a lustrous finish, either from being glazed with starch
… read more
Chino fabric is a sturdy, twill weave fabric. It is generally made form cotton or cotton blends and dyed khaki or tan colours. Chino fabric can be recognised by the
… read more
Chinchilla is a fiber / fabric soft, dense fur made from the Chinchilla animal, a small rodent slightly larger than the average squirrel and native to the Andes. The fur
… read more
A soft, lightweight durable silk fabric, made in a plain or twill weave. It is one of the cheapest Silk fabrics available and is mainly used in lining. It tears
… read more
Silk Chiffon is a fabric made from cultivated Silk; it is extremely thin fabric, semi-transparent fabric woven in a plain weave with a tightly twisted fine yarn. It is often
… read more
Chenille is a fancy yarn that can be characterised by a short, velvety pile that sticks out perpendicularly from the yarns core. It was formally made from silk and/or wool
… read more
Cheesecloth is a thin, lightweight cotton fabric. It is constructed using a plain weave and is open to create a gauze fabric. Cheesecloth can be produced in a variety of
… read more
This is another fabric that we think of as ‘conventional’ silk. It again is made using a Satin weave giving it the shiny lustrous ‘right’ side of the fabric, but
… read more
Chantilly Lace is a delicate bobbin lace, which is characterised by floral and scroll design motifs outlined in a thick thread, often with some dotted decoration, and on a hexagonal
… read more
Chamois is a soft leather fabric, made from the skin of the Chamois, which is a goat-like animal. This animal inhabits mountainous areas, in Europe and Western Asia. Traditionally this
… read more
Chambray is a fine, lightweight gingham fabric. It traditionally has a white weft which is interwoven with a with a coloured warp thread to produce a checked or striped pattern.
… read more
Challis Fabric is a very soft, lightweight fabric that is constructed using a plain weave. It is generally made from wool, but cotton, viscose, synthetic fibres or other blends can
… read more
Cavalry twill is a fabric that is traditionally made of wool. It is a firm, durable twill weave cloth that can be characterised by the pronounced diagonal wales. It is
… read more
How is Cashmere made? Cashmere is a wool fibre which is produced from the fine underhair of the Kel goat. This comes from India, Mongolia and Iran. Cashmere is produced
… read more
Carpet backing cloth is primarily made of jute. It is constructed of a plain open weave and is used so that high quality fabrics can be woven into it. It
… read more
Canvas fabric is a strong, heavy fabric. It is made using a plain weave and traditionally it was made of hemp. Canvas can also be made from cotton, jute, linen
… read more
Camel Hair is a fiber / fabric made from the soft under hair of the Bactrain Camel. It is a very lightweight and luxurious fabric. The quality of Camel hair
… read more
Cambric fabric is a plain weave, traditionally white and of a high quality. Originally it was made solely of cotton or linen, however nowadays it can be made from many
… read more
Calico – Calico is a cotton fabric of ancient origin. It is constructed using a plain weave and hasn’t gone through any of the regular finishing processes. It still contains some
… read more
Burlap fabric is a coarse plain weave cloth. It is usually made from jute, flax, hemp or kenaf. Lighter weight varieties may be used for shirts or bags. Burlap is
… read more
Burano Lace is lace which is made on the island of Burano, in the Venetian Lagoon. Burano Lace can be differentiated from Alencon Lace by looking at the mesh work
… read more
Bump fabric is an interlining fabric, generally made from a blend of cotton and other fibres. It is loosely woven and heavy and is brushed to give a softer fleeced
… read more
Buckram is a coarse, plain weave linen or cotton fabric. It is very stiff and this property is created using gum, latex or starch. Buckram is generally used for linings,
… read more
Broderie Anglais means ‘English Embroidery’ in French. It is a fine white work embroidery technique and is made from a combination of stitchwork and eyelets which are little holes punched
… read more
Brocade fabric is a heavy, decorative Jacquard weave fabric with a raised design. It is typically made up of floral designs and was originally manufactured from silk with the design
… read more
Broadcloth is mainly used to describe a closely woven woollen material with a velvety nap and a high lustre called ‘Wool Broadcloth’ or a plain weave cotton fabric with a
… read more
Brilliantine is a fine, lustrous cloth with a cotton warp and a worsted or mohair weft. It is very similar in its appearance to alpaca. Brilliantine was popular throughout the
… read more
Breton lace is a lace fabric that is made on an open net. A heavy yarn is used to embroider a pattern on and this is often brightly coloured. It
… read more
Boucle is a fancy yarn that has a curled, looped appearance and a rough texture. It is made by twisting two yarns together so that one of them forms a
… read more
Bonded Fabric is a non-woven fabric where the fibres are held together by an adhesive rather than being woven or knitted together. Bonded fabrics are typically stiff and inelastic with
… read more
Bogolanfini is also called ‘Mud-Cloth’ and is a handmade Malian cotton fabric. The name ‘Mud-Cloth’ describes the fact that the fabric is dyed using fermented mud. The town of San
… read more
Blanket Cloth is a plain or twill weave fabric, made from soft feeling yarns, creating a fabric that is heavily napped on both sides. It is often dyed at the
… read more
Bengaline is a strong, ribbed fabric which was originally made entirely from silk in Bengal, India. It is now produced usually from cotton, worsted, acetate, viscose, silk or various blends.
… read more
Bedford Cord is a woven cloth similar in appearance to Corduroy. It is very strong and hard-wearing and is typically made from wool, worsted or cotton. Bedford Cord is recognisable
… read more
Battenberg lace is a coarse tape lace composed of thin strips of braiding or tape. These are worked into patterns and then stitched into place using a strong thread. The
… read more
Batiste is a strong, sheer fabric. It is generally manufactured from linen usually cambric, but can also be made from cotton, wool, polyester and other blends. It is constructed using
… read more
Barege is a lightweight, sheer gauze-like fabric. It is made from Worsted which is usually mixed with silk or cotton. First manufactured in the 19th Century and its name originates from
… read more
Barathea is a soft but hard-wearing fabric. It is usually made from silk for the warp and wool from the weft and is very closely woven with a hopsack twill
… read more
Balzarine is a lightweight mixed fabric, generally made of cotton and wool. It was commonly used for summer dresses before the introduction of Barege fabric. It usually has a cotton
… read more
Balbriggan is a lightweight, knitted cotton fabric that’s name originates from a town in Eastern Ireland where it was originally manufactured. It was formally used to make hosiery but it
… read more
Baize fabric is manufactured from either cotton or wool usually. It is napped, meaning that it look different from different angles. It is loosely woven and made to resemble felt
… read more
Baft is a cheap, coarse cotton fabric. It is of oriental manufacture and is essentially similar to Muslin fabric. Surat manufacture is said to be the best quality. It is
… read more
Agilon is a nylon fabric with some stretch to it. It is strong, durable and easy to care for. Its primary application is in stockings and it is therefore knotted
… read more
Yak Manufacture Yaks are native to Tibet and survive in the high altitude parts of the country. Yaks can either by killed for their hide, or the shaggy hair can
… read more
Wolf Manufacture Wolves have been hunted for sport and for the protection of livestock since they were first discovered around 12,000 years ago. Wolves were first hunted as soon as
… read more
Wildcats Manufacture The Wildcat is a small cat that it native to Africa, Europe and Southwest Asia. There are many different types, all with different coloured fur and different patterns.
… read more
Vellum Manufacture Vellum is a thin paper fabric made from the skin of a baby animal. These animals are usually calves, lambs or kids. It was first made by the
… read more
Stoat Manufacture The stoat animal is very similar to the weasel. It is hunted for its fur and it is very prized within the Fur trade. In the early 19th and
… read more
Stingray Manufacture Stingrays are neither endangered nor threatened, they are available in abundance. This means that they can be used for many different applications and Stingray leather is currently making
… read more
Squirrel Manufacture Squirrels have been hunted since the early 16th Century, they were mainly traded in Siberia as it was the second most popular fur that was traded at this time.
… read more
Snakeskin/Python Manufacture Leather made from snakeskin is considered to be an exotic leather. This means it is rarer and therefore more expensive than other types of leather. The three preferred
… read more
Slink Manufacture Slink leather is the leather made from the hide of unborn calves, it can also be applied to the skin of an unborn lamb as well. Slink skins
… read more
Skunk Manufacture Skunk was used as a major part of the fur industry since the 1800’s. It gradually increased in popularity until the 1900’s when it became one of the
… read more
Skins/Hide Manufacture A hide is animal skin that has been treated so that it doesn’t decompose and can be used by humans. These animal skins are flexible and make pieces
… read more
Seal Manufacture Seal hunting took place in many countries such as Greenland, Iceland, Norway and Russia. Native Americans and Canadians have been hunting seals since around 4000 years ago. Inuit
… read more
Sea Otter Manufacture Sea otters produce a fur fabric when they are hunted. In the 1700’s Sea Otters were abundant, however by the mid-1700’s plummeted and continued hunting by the
… read more
Sable Manufacture The Sable animal is native to Russia, Siberia and Mongolia. Even today, it is considered to be a luxury fur and is more commonly farmed rather than being
… read more
Rabbit/Hare Manufacture Rabbit fur is the pelt from the common rabbit, it is usually a by product of the meat industry and is produced mainly in England and Wales. The
… read more
Pigskin Manufacture Pig skin is the leather fabric made from a pig or a hog. In garments and shoes it is usually referred to as ‘Genuine leather.’ If the product
… read more
Oxen Manufacture The manufacture of Ox leather is thought to be as old as the 7th Century BC. The process of tanning Oxen was described in Homers’ Iliad. During the Middle
… read more
Ostrich Legs Manufacture The Ostrich is a large flightless bird native to Africa. The skin of the Ostrich’s legs is very popular and was especially so throughout the 18th Century. During
… read more
Musk Ox Manufacture Musk oxen are an animal very similar to the bison. They are related to smaller animals such as goats and sheep. They live in cold climates, in
… read more
Mink Manufacture Minks are very similar to the weasel and otter and have long been prized for their fur. There are two species of Mink alive today; both are hunted
… read more
Martens Manufacture Martens are related to mink, Otters, Badgers and Weasels. Martens were very widespread across Britain until the 1800s. It was around this time that its numbers started to
… read more
Lynx Manufacture The Lynx animal is a medium sized wild cat. It was hunted as a pest as it is a predatory animal. Lynx fur wasn’t really used as a
… read more
Llama Manufacture The llama is native to the highlands of Argentina, Chile, Bolivia and Peru and although its fur is used as a fibre for making materials, the hide of
… read more
Lizard Manufacture Lizard skin can be derived from many breeds of lizard, depending on the type of leather required. Lizard leather can vary greatly in terms of grain pattern, weight,
… read more
Lambskin Manufacture Lambskin is manufactured in a similar way to leather, however the skin is tanned with the fun intact, much like a pelt. It is considered a fur fabric,
… read more
Kangaroo Manufacture Kangaroo leather started to be used commercially in 1805 and was, originally at least, purely a cheaper substitute for kid leather. As time progressed the manufacturers realised just
… read more
Goat Manufacture Goat skin is the skin of a goat. It is usually treated with tanning agents to produce a leather material. This is frequently referred to as ‘Morocco leather.’
… read more
Fur Manufacture Fur has been used as a fabric since Neanderthal times. During this time it was used purely because of its insulating properties. It was derived from the animal
… read more
Fox Manufacture European merchants began to realise the wealth involved with fur trading around the 1600’s. Most of the animals were killed in North America and then imported to many
… read more
Elk Manufacture People have been hunting Elk for as long as they have been co-existing together. Evidence has been found to suggest that Elk hunting was being practised in Prehistoric
… read more
Deerskin Manufacture Deerskin was originally traded between Europens and the Native Americans. It wasn’t as lucrative as the trading of Beaver skin because it wasn’t as valuable or used as
… read more
Crocodile Skin Manufacture Crocodiles have been hunted for their skin since roughly the beginning of the 19th Century, but trading of these skins didn’t really begin until 1910. By 1920 there
… read more
Cowhide Manufacture Cowhide was first used by ancient civilisations. They raised and domesticated their own cattle and gradually realised that the skin, which was formally a waste product could be
… read more
Buffalo Skin Manufacture Buffalo became increasing popular during the 19th century, after the Civil War. A sharp incline in the demand for buffalo hides and meat in the 1820’s mean that
… read more
Beaver Skin Manufacture The trading and using of Beaver fur became very popular during the 1500’s. It usually took place between the Indians and the Europeans. The most common use
… read more
Bear Skin Manufacture Fur and skins are said to be the first materials used for clothing. It is estimated that it was used in prehistoric times. Many cultures, such as
… read more
Antelope Skin Manufacture Antelope leather was first manufactured in around 1709. It is referred to as ‘Chamois’ as this is what the Antelope it comes from is often called. This
… read more
This is a dyeing technique that is achieved by hand dipping fabric in dye so that it gradually goes from light to dark, or from one color to another. This
… read more
Batik is a resist dyeing technique for making designs on fabric, similar to tie-dyeing and shibori dyeing. Wax is used on fabric to prevent dye from penetrating the cloth. Wax is applied, followed
… read more
Shibori is a traditional form of tie-dyeing that originated in Japan. There are several ways of conducting shibori techniques by binding, stitching, folding, twisting, or compressing the cloth and then applying dye.
… read more
This is a process of resist dyeing textiles, typically using bright colors. Tie dyeing is a modern version of traditional dyeing methods, such as shibori dyeing. This technique is accomplished by
… read more
This is a technique used to give yarns a multi-colored effect. While a typical skein of yarn is the same color throughout, whereas a skein of space dyed yarn is
… read more
Yarns are wound onto spools or cones into packages, and then stacked on perforated rods in a rack to be immersed in a dyebath. The dye is forced through the
… read more
The yarns are loosely arranged in skeins or hanks (skein is the length of a yarn wound in a loose coil). Then they are hung over a bar and immersed in
… read more
Dyeing is applied to the yarn, before being processed into fabric. There are several different forms of yarn dyeing, including skein/hank dyeing, package dyeing, warp-beam dyeing, and space dyeing. Dyeing Techniques Dyeing is the
… read more
A dye is applied directly to the fabric without the aid of an affixing agent. In this method, the dyestuff is either fermented (natural dyes) or chemically reduced (synthetic vat
… read more
Weft Knitting Manufacture Weft knitting is a knitted piece of fabric where the stitches run from left to right horizontally across the fabric. It is usually knitted with one piece
… read more
Warp Knitting Manufacture Warp knitting is the least common form of knitting. Instead of the stitches running horizontally across the knitted piece of fabric, like in weft knitting, they run
… read more
What is a Wale in knitting? In knitting the Wale is the vertical row of stitches running down the length of the fabric. The wales of the fabric differ depending
… read more
Purl Knitting Manufacture Purl stitch is the reverse of Stockinette. It has interlocked crescent shapes on the front and ‘v’ shapes on the back. Purl stitch is usually used purely
… read more
Plain Knitting Manufacture Plain knitting is the most basic of all knitting constructions. It is a weft knit, which is the most common type of knit and this means that
… read more
Machine Knitting Manufacture Machine knitting was invented to replace Hand knitting and make knitted garments easier to produce for the mass market. The knitting machine was invented by William Lee
… read more
Knit Manufacture The Earliest forms of Knitting have been found dating back to the 3rd– 5th Centuries. This was a pair of socks created by intricate patterns of knots, and can
… read more
Jersey Knit Manufacture Jersey Knit is mainly used in the production of clothing. It was originally made from Wool, but is now predominantly made using Cotton. Silk, Viscose and many
… read more
Hand Knitting Manufacture The Earliest forms of Knitting have been found dating back to the 3rd– 5th Centuries. This was a pair of socks created by intricate patterns of knots, and
… read more
Double Knit Manufacture Double knit is a type of knitting very similar to Jersey. It is produced using two sets of needles, hence the name and produces a fabric that
… read more
Circular Knitting Manufacture Circular Knitting is the form of Knitting that creates tubes of fabric. These tubes are created by either using specialised knitting needles of by using either a
… read more
Cable Knit Manufacture Cable knit can either be produced by hand or machine knitting. It is done by crossing one group of stitches over the other and produces a rope
… read more
Screens made of silk threads, nylon, polyester, or metal apply prints to fabric. An attached stencil forms open areas of mesh to create the pattern to be transferred onto fabric.
… read more
Small droplets of ink/dye are placed onto the fabric through and inkjet printer. Similar to normal inkjet paper printers, and a rapidly growing method of printing patterns on fabrics. The
… read more
The desired pattern is imprinted (embossed) into the fabric. The pattern is created by inserting and compressing the fabric between and two heated embossing rollers, which are both engraved with
… read more
In block printing, designs are carved on a wooden or metal block. The paint or dye is then applied to the design, and the block is pressed by hand on
… read more
Process that creates printed fabrics by covering parts of the fabric with wax coatings, and then dyeing the fabric. The waxed areas of the fabric prevent those spots from being
… read more
Twill/Denim Manufacture Twill weave is probably the second most common form of weaving, after Plain weave. Twill weave differs from plain weave in the fact that it follows the pattern
… read more
Satin Manufacture Satin weave is very similar to sateen weave. Satin weave originated in China and was only made using silk yarns. Nowadays Satin can be made from viscose, or
… read more
Sateen Manufacture Sateen weave produces a closely woven satin-like fabric. It is usually made from cotton and has a smooth, shiny surface. This is made by floating the weft yarns
… read more
Rib Weave Manufacture Rib weave is a variation of Plain weave and is created very similarly to a plain weave piece of fabric. The basic construction follows the same pattern
… read more
Pile Weave Manufacture Pile weave is made on a loom, like most types of weave are. It is created by running the fibres over metal rods or wires so that
… read more
Oxford Weave Technique Oxford Weave Manufacture Oxford weave originated in England in the late 19th Century. It is actually a variation of the Basket weave and uses a coloured weft and
… read more
Plain Weave Manufacture Plain Weave is one of the most fundamental fabric weaves available. Most other types of weave are just variations of the plain weave. Plain weave is created
… read more
Leno/Gauze Manufacture Leno weave creates an open weave piece of fabric. It is stable at the same time as being very open. A leno weave is created by twisting two
… read more
Jacquard Manufacture Jacquard Weave, like Dobby weave uses a loom with an attachment. This attachment is called a ‘Jacquard head,’ and was first produced in the early 19th Century by the
… read more
Double Cloth Manufacture Double Cloth is a type of woven fabric that is made using two or more warp yarns and one or more weft fabrics. These extra yarns are
… read more
Dobby Weave Manufacture Dobby weave was first developed in 1840, and although it is woven on a loom, like all types of weaving, Dobby weave requires a special piece of
… read more
Chenille Manufacture Chenille weave is usually made from Chenille yarn, which is a fancy yarn resembling a furry caterpillar. The Chenille yarn was first made from either silk or wool
… read more
Basket Weave Manufacture Basket weave is a variation of the basic Plain Weave construction. It used a Warp and a Weft yarn like in all types of weaving. The Warp
… read more
Weaving Manufacture Weaving is the process of making a fabric, either by hand or by machine. Most of the fabrics produced today are made by either weaving or knitting. In
… read more
Spread Tow Manufacture Spread Tow manufacture starts with the manufacture of thin, flat, uni-directional tape. This tape is known as Spread Tow tape and can be woven into Spread Tow
… read more
Quilting Manufacture Quilted fabric is typically made using three different layers of fabric. The top layer is usually the fabric that is intended to be seen. This is then put
… read more
Pile or Carpet Manufacture Pile fabrics are created by raised loops or tufts on fabric. These generally cover the entire surface and result in a soft texture. The fabric is
… read more
Non-Woven Manufacture Non-woven fabrics are fabrics that aren’t made by the usually methods of either knitting or weaving. They are usually created by joining the fibres together by either chemical,
… read more
Lace Manufacture Lace fabric is a fine, open work fabric. It can be made from various fibres such as cotton, linen, silk, wool or synthetic fibres. Lace fabric is usually
… read more
Knitting Manufacture The Earliest forms of Knitting have been found dating back to the 3rd– 5th Centuries. This was a pair of socks created by intricate patterns of knots, and can
… read more
Foam Manufacture Foam is made from Polyurethane. It is becoming increasingly popular as a fabric because of its many desirable characteristics. The Polyurethane foam is laminated to the back of
… read more
Film Manufacture Films are generally added to fabrics to increase their strength, durability and environmental resistance. It is usually a synthetic coating that is applied, but the existing fabric can
… read more
Felt Manufacture Felt is a type of non-woven fabric that is usually made from wool or other types of animal hair. From the mid 17thCentury to the 20th Century popular types
… read more
Crochet Manufacture Although Crochet is very similar to knitting, there are no samples of Crochet dating from earlier than 1800. It didn’t really become popular in Europe until the 19th Century
… read more
Braiding / Plaiting / Macramè Manufacture Macramè, Braiding and Plaiting are all ways of making fabrics without weaving or knitting them. They are made instead by plaiting, knotting and twisting
… read more
Astrakhan is the tightly curled fleece of the Karakul lambs. It is named after its place of origin in Russia. It is a relatively course fibre and is used for
… read more
Aramid refers to a group of strong fire-resistant synthetic fibres. They were first produced in the early 1960’s and the technical name is ‘aromatic polyamide.’ These fabrics are generally used
… read more
Antique Satin is a heavy dull faced satin fabric. It is woven using a plain weave and is usually woven using warp and weft threads of different thicknesses. This gives
… read more
Anidex is a synthetic fibre which has permanent stretch and recovery properties. Although it has less stretch than Lycra it launders better, and at higher temperatures. Anidex is used across
… read more
All over lace is simply lace that uses a repeat pattern all over the entire fabric, rather than just being confined to certain areas of it. Lace is a patterned,
… read more
An expensive fine needle lace that is characterised by raised floral and scroll patterns within. Alençon Lace originates from the Northern French town of Alençon, and was first created in
… read more
Albatross is a worsted fabric which takes its name from the fact that it resembles the soft downy feathers of the underside of an albatross bird. It is constructed from
… read more
Alaskine is a crisp silk-wool blend fabric. During the 1950’s and 1960’s it was primarily used for making coats and jumpers. It is a dressy fabric and was very popular as a day-time favourite.
… read more
Agilon is a nylon fabric with some stretch to it. It is strong, durable and easy to care for. Its primary application is in stockings and it is therefore knotted
… read more
Acrilian is a synthetic acrylic fibre, the trade name of the fabric Polypropenonitrile. Its properties are that it is soft, strong and crease resistant. It is also washable, moth and
… read more
The Philippine name of the Banana Palm and the fibre derived from it. This fibre is also known as ‘Manila Hemp’ and is used to make hats and bags. It
… read more
